Résumé
Varicocele is characterized by abnormal tortuosity and dilatation of the pampiniform plexus veins within the spermatic cord and it is one of the causes related to male infertility. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of varicocele, its site incidence of secondary infertility due to varicocele and related testicular atrophy in adults. The study was conducted on 175 patients presenting with infertility and other problems. Of 175 patients, 75 were diagnosed with varicocele with prevalence of varicocele to be 22.85% and the incidence of 45.0% in adults. The complaint of infertility in the population with varicocele was 72.7%, atrophy of testis was 22.5% and it was associated with severity of varicocele. We conclude that early diagnosis of varicocele is important to prevent future infertility
Résumé
Objective: to study wide resection and arthrodesis of wrist, utilizing an autologous iliac crest for giant cell tumour of distal radius [Campanacci Grade-I I I]
Material and Methods: between Feb 2004 to Nov 2011 ,fourteen patients with amean age of 31 .5 years [21-42 years] with Campanacci Grade-Ill GCT of distal radius were admitted in orthopaedic ward Services hospital Lahore. Thirteen patients were managed with wide excision of tumour and reconstruction with ipsilateral iliac crest, fixed with small fragment plate to the remnant of radius. Primary autogenous iliac crest grafting was done at iliac crest radial junction in all the patients
Results: all the patients were followed to bony union, and twelve out of 14 patients were available at mean follow up of 24 months [10 to 26].The mean time to union was four months [3.0 to 6.0] at iliac crest-carpal site and 4.5 months [3.0 to 6.60] at iliac crest- radial site. Eleven patients had a reasonably good range of supination and pronation. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 23.21[77.38%, range21 to 25]. Among the complications, two patients developed radioulnar synostosis, one patient had a local recurrence, but with no bony involvement. Local excision was done and no local recurrence took place thereafter and he is disease free. One patient developed stiffness of fingers, which improved with physiotherapy. There was no other complications like nonunion at the graft bone junction, wound infection [superficial or deep], skin necrosis deformity and bony metastasis and refracture at the reconstruction site
Conclusions: iliac crest provides a local corticocancellous bone graft to reconstruct the defect left after excision of the distal radius for giant cell tumour. Iliac crest graft has advantage over the fibular and ulna graft of having the early union and better incorporation to the host bone, with no evidence of nonunion in our studies. It provides good stability at wrist with contouring of DCP over its concave surface, while retaining a good function of hand and forearm rotation
Résumé
Background: Patent policies have proved to be extremely important for several countries to develop. India has achieved its global status since 2005; a critical analysis of the patents at IPO will help us to identify the potential, available for patents with Indian Dental Fraternity. Aim: The aim of this study is to critically analyze and review Indian Patents in the field of Dentistry from 2005-2009 for evaluation of status of Indian Patents in Dentistry. Materials and Methods: A total of 110 patents were scrutinized from 2005-2009 available by IPO on www.patentoffice.nic.in. Following which a preliminary data were collected from individual patents and recorded in a record sheet. Statistical Analysis: The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software and were subjected to ANOVA test. Results: All patents scrutinized were applied for dental materials (100%). Company applicants (70%) were the maximum followed by the individual applicants (27.2%). A total of 87.3% of patents had enrolled for International Application. Priority country had maximum favor with USA (39.2%) followed by Europe (36.1%). Single inventors (44.5%) were the maximum followed by two inventors (22.7%). Europe (37.3%) had the maximum first inventor, followed by United States of America (30%) and India (10.9%). Individual inventors were maximum in Europe (38.8%) followed by USA (20.4%) and India (16.3%). Conclusion: Contribution from Indian Nationals as inventors for patents in the field of Dentistry is limited, thus reducing the pace of progress and development. Indian inventors in the field of Dentistry have to go a long way to compete with the fellow mates of developed countries like USA and Europe. Continuing Dental Education programs on Intellectual property rights should be conducted on regular basis especially for Dentist's involved in research.
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Dentistry in recent years has developed interest in the field of intellectual property rights (IPR) and Patents due to extensive research in the fraternity and existing competition. There have been various patent applications and grants in the field of dentistry abroad due to better understanding of IPR but India still has very few patent grants and applications on the subject matter. This review article in particular deals with the understanding of IPR and Patents as a whole, especially for dental professionals involved in research and development. Hence, this would also act as an asset for dental researchers to explore and expand their scope of activities, with special privileges empowered for their work.