Résumé
Background: Orthopaedic fractures and traumatic injuries are a growing concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) are among the top five causes of illness and mortality in South East Asian nations. Trauma caused by other factors, such as accidents at work or home, falls, and assaults, significantly contribute to overall mortality and morbidity. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of traumatic injuries with associated factors and find significant orthopaedic fracture patterns. Material & Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study that was conducted on 208 patients who were admitted to the department of orthopaedics at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital during the study period between April 2004 and June 2007 those who fulfilled the selection criteria were enrolled in this study. All data were processed and analyzed with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 25. The data were expressed as frequency and percentage in tables and graphs. Results: During the study period total number of study patients were 208 where 131 (62.98%) patients were male, and 77(37.02%) were female. The majority, 53 (25.48%) of the patients, were aged between 31-40 years. RTAs were responsible for 92 cases (44.23%) of all traumatic orthopaedic injuries and followed by falls accounting for 42 patients (20.19%) of injuries. Majority 46(22.12%) of the patients had fractures in femur, second majority 38(18.27%) patients had fracture in tibia/fibula. The most common fracture site being the lower limbs (58 cases, 27.88 %). Conclusion: The study concluded that the incidence of traumatic orthopaedic injuries was higher in young male adults compared to all other study groups. The three most frequent causes of injuries were falls, RTAs, and assaults were the most prevalent form of injury. The most frequently damaged bones are the femur and tibia/fibula.
Résumé
Methods@#A prospective, single-center, consecutive cohort study was conducted over a period of 30 months. All new patients with low back-related disorders regardless of pathology completed a Yellow Flag Questionnaire that was adapted from the psychosocial flags framework. Clinicians assessing these patients completed a standardized form to determine which and how many yellow flags they had identified during the consultation. @*Results@#A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis, and the clinicians reported an average of 5 flags (range, 0–9). Fear of movement or injury was the most frequently reported yellow flag, reported by 87.7% (n=114) of patients. Clinician sensitivity in detecting yellow flags was poor, correctly identifying only 2 flags, on average, of the 5 reported by patients, with an overall sensitivity of only 39%. @*Conclusions@#The ability of spine specialists to identify yellow flags is poor and can be improved by asking patients to complete a simple screening questionnaire.
Résumé
Methods@#A prospective, single-center, consecutive cohort study was conducted over a period of 30 months. All new patients with low back-related disorders regardless of pathology completed a Yellow Flag Questionnaire that was adapted from the psychosocial flags framework. Clinicians assessing these patients completed a standardized form to determine which and how many yellow flags they had identified during the consultation. @*Results@#A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis, and the clinicians reported an average of 5 flags (range, 0–9). Fear of movement or injury was the most frequently reported yellow flag, reported by 87.7% (n=114) of patients. Clinician sensitivity in detecting yellow flags was poor, correctly identifying only 2 flags, on average, of the 5 reported by patients, with an overall sensitivity of only 39%. @*Conclusions@#The ability of spine specialists to identify yellow flags is poor and can be improved by asking patients to complete a simple screening questionnaire.
Résumé
As a respiratory pathogen, the novel coronavirus is commonly associated with aerosol-generating procedures. However, it is currently unclear whether spinal surgical procedures pose an additional risk of viral transmission to the surgical team. We reviewed the available evidence to ascertain the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) blood viremia and the virus’ blood transmissibility, as well as evidence of blood-aerosol generation and operating room contamination from spinal surgical procedures. There is established evidence of COVID-19 blood viremia, a viral pathogenic cycle via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors and similar blood transmission risk data from the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)/MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) era. Spinal surgical practices demonstrate significant blood-aerosol generation from the operative wound due to the use of common surgical instruments, such as electrocautery, as well as high-speed and high-impact devices. Based on the evidence, there is an established additional risk of viral transmission faced by surgical teams from blood-aerosols generated from the operative wound of COVID-19- infected patients via the inhalation of virus-laden aerosols and the subsequent initiation of the viral pathogenic cycle through binding with pulmonary ACE-2 receptors. Recognizing this additional risk amidst the ongoing pandemic serves as a caution to front-line surgical personnel to strictly adhere to personal protective equipment usage in operating rooms, to modify surgical techniques to reduce the hazard of surgical aerosol generation and COVID-19 viral exposure, and to consider it as an integral aspect of planning and adapting to the “new normal” operating practices.
Résumé
Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] of the beta[2]-adrenergic receptor [beta[2]-AR] gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This study evaluated two beta[2]-AR SNPs in association with myocardial infarction [MI], namely arginine-glycine [G16R] substitution at codon 16 and glutamine-glutamic [Q27E] substitution at condon 27
Objectives: Therefore, our main objective was to determine the association of these two SNPs among patients with MI with and without type 2 diabetes [T2D]
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 201 MI patients with and without diabetes and from 115 controls and the beta[2]-AR gene polymorphisms at codon 16 and codon 27 were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The CHI[2] test was used to compare differences between groups
Results: The SNPs did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population. The allele and genotype frequencies of the beta[2]-AR gene polymorphism at codon 16 [G16R] was significantly different between MI cases and controls [CHI[2] = 10.495, P < 0.05 and CHI[2] = 8.849, P < 0.05, respectively]. No significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies at codon 27 was shown between these two groups [CHI[2] = 2.661, P >/= 0.05 and CHI[2] = 1.587, P >/= 0.05, respectively]. When the MI patients with and without T2D were pooled together, genotype distribution was different between cases and controls at codon 16 [CHI[2] = 4.631, P = 0.099] and codon 27 [CHI[2] = 7.247, P = 0.027]. However, no significant differences were found in allele frequencies for codon 16 and codon 27 between the two groups [CHI[2] = 0.628, P = 0.428; CHI[2] = 0.33, P = 0.565, respectively]
Conclusion: Our findings indicate a moderate association of the beta[2]-AR G16R gene polymorphism with MI suggesting that this gene plays a universal role in the development of MI across ethnicities. However, there was no association of beta[2]-AR G16R gene polymorphism with diabetic patients with MI