Epidemiología de la hipertensión en hemodiálisis crónica / Prevalence of hypertension among patients on chronic hemodialysis

Background: Hypertension is a common and important cardiovascular risk factor in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Aim: To report the prevalence and characteristics of hypertension among patients on chronic hemodialysis. Patients and methods: Cross sectional study of 313 patients (192 male, aged 57 ñ 18 years) dialyzed in 7 representative centers in Santiago, Chile. Results: Patients were on hemodialysis for a mean of 68 ñ 53 months and 67 (21 percent) were diabetic. 230 (74 percent) were hypertensive and 223 of these (97 percent) had predialysis hypertension. A multivariate analysis showed that hypertension was associated with increased weight gain between dialysis, failure to achieve the postdialysis dry weight, increasing age and the presence of diabetes. Among hypertensive patients, 61 percent were receiving antihypertensive medications, compared with 27 percent of patients with normal blood pressure. Conclusions: High blood pressure is highly prevalent among patients on chronic hemodialysis and is associated to hypervolemia, age and the presence of diabetes

Trasplante hepático en niños / Liver transplantation in children

Los trasplantes hepáticos constituyen el tratamiento más adecuado en gran número de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas y agudas terminales del hígado. La experiencia con este procedimiento es muy limitada en Chile. Se describen 11 niños que recibieron trasplantes hepáticos. La indicación más frecuente para hacerlo fue la atresia biliar. Se incluyeron receptores de alto riesgo como peso inferior a 10 kg, numerosas intervenciones quirúrgicas previas y hepatitis fulminante, pero no se registraron muertes intraoperatorias. En cuatro casos (36 por ciento) fue necesario hacer reducciones del hígado de los dadores para acomodarlos a receptores de bajo peso. Cinco receptores (45 por ciento) fueron tratados por rechazo agudo y no se han perdido injertos por causa inmunológica. Dos receptores fallecieron precozmente (uno por trombosis porta, otro por hipertensión intracraneana) y uno 15 meses después del trasplante por recidiva pulmonar y mediatínica de hepatoblastoma. La sobrevida actuarial es,hasta la fecha, 82 por ciento en un año. La serie demuestra que es posible realizar estos complejos procedimientos en el país, con similares resultados que en otros lugares del mundo

Experiencia de un centro en trasplante hepático en adultos y niños / Experience of a hepatic transplantation center in adults and children

Orthotopic liver transplantation (THO) is the treatment of choice for a variety of liver diseases. The national experience before 1993 has been scarce. In november 1993 we started our experience in THO at Clínica Las Condes, as part of a multiorgan transplant program (liver, kidney, pancreas). Until january 1995 we have performed 14 THO in 13 recipients (one retransplantation), of which 5 were in pediatric cases. The recipients range of age fluctuated between 1 and 61 years. In 2 pediatric cases a liver allograft reduction was performed. Six recipients (46 percent) required treatment for acute cellular rejection. One recipient had an hepatic artery thrombosis and had to be retransplanted. There was no operative mortality up to 30 days in cases of primary liver transplants. The retransplanted adult recipient and another pediatric recipient that died from a late recurrence of a hepatoblastoma, accounted for the mortality of this experience. After an average follow up to 10 months, the actual patient survival is 85 percent. Of the 11 surviving recipients, 9 are in excellent conditions with a very good quality of life. This experience shows that an active liver transplant program in our country can be succesfull in obtaining results comparable to those published by very experienced foreign transplant centers

Trasplante simultáneo páncreas riñón: primeros casos en Chile / Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: first cases in Chile

We report 2 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients with a past history of 21 and 30 years complicated with retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy with arterial hypertension and kidney failure. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation was done 8 and 18 months after starting hemodialysis, performing a double intraperitoneal implant with pancreato-duodeno-vesical anastomosis and contralateral kidney grafting with uretero vesical anastomosis using antireflux techniques. In the second case, a second kidney transplant from the same donor was needed, due to a thrombosis of renal vein. There was one rejection episode in each case but renal or pancreatic function was not impaired. Other observed complications were metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia due to urine loss of bicarbonate, moderate arterial hypertension and bacterial and fungal infections. There was a graft dysfunction due to the association of vancomycin and cyclosporin. In conclusion, in the two presented patients, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations were succesful and they remain free of insulin or dialytic therapy 4 and 9 months after the operation

Organización del programa de donante cadaver en Chile / Organization of the cadaver transplantation program in Chile

Una organización adecuada en la obtención de órganos, es el primer paso para el éxito de un programa de transplante. Dentro de este esquema hay algunos elementos básicos vitales como: 1. Central de coordinación; 2. Unidades encargadas del manejo de potenciales donantes; 3. Equipos quirúrgicos entrenados en la obtención de órganos; 4. Laboratorio de Histocompatibilidad y 5. Sistema de transporte de órganos. Se analiza el desarrollo del programa en Chile en base a cómo funcionan estos elementos básicos