Résumé
Cardiovascular disease [CVD] is the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD, accounting for about half of the attributed deaths. Cholesterol homeostasis is one of the most important factors in atherosclerosis. ATP-Binding cassette transporters cholesterol. Omega [omega] 3 fatty acids are important ligands for regulation of ABC transporters such as ABCG1. Concern has been raised that the low absolute intakes of EPA and high ratios of omega -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids [omega-6 PUFA] to EPA may predispose some individuals to CVD. Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] is the most abundant omega 3 fatty acid in the diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of EPA on the expression of ABCG1 gene in the human monocyte THP-1 cells. In this study, THP-1 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium, THP-1 monocytes were then differentiated to macrophages with PMA [phorbol myristic acid] and stimulated with 50, 75 and 100 micro M of EPA for 24 h at 37°C. We examined the effects of EPA treatment on the expression of ABCG1 gene using Quantitative Real time RT-PCR [qRT-PCR]. Our results, indicate that ABCG1 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by 50, 75 and 100 micro M EPA fatty acid treatments as compared to the control cells [p = 0.009, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively]. These results suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs] such as EPA have an effect on the cholesterol homeostasis in macrophages, and they can change the expression of ABCG1 gene. It seems that EPA has different effects on gene expression and lipid metabolism
Résumé
Protein-energy malnutrition, wasting and inflammation are frequent complication among patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD]. Malnutrition is associated with cardiac co-morbidity, inflammation and poor survival in ESRD patients. Serum albumin is a well-known marker of nutrition in ESRD patients. Serum albumin is still the most commonly used nutritional marker in ESRD patients. C-reactive protein [CRP], the major acute phase response [APR] protein is elevated in these patients. High CRP levels are linked to the degree of atherosclerosis in coronary, peripheral, and extracranial brain arteries. The aim of the present study was to investigate nutritional factor [albumin] and CRP levels in ESRD patients. In this cross-sectional study a total of 300 patients who had ESRD and had been on hemodialysis treatment for at least 6 months were selected. The laboratory tests consisted of measurement of CRP and albumin using high sensitive ELISA kits. The study patients included 157 males [52.3%] and 143 females [47.7%] with average age of 41.5 +/- 14.3 years. Mean CRP level was 7.96 mg/ dl [+/- 1.52], mean serum albumin was 4.07 g/dl [+/- 0.19].Of 300 patients, 21 died [7%]. These were patients with serum albumin<4 g/dl and CRP>9.5 mg/dl. This study showed that low albumin and high CRP levels are the main predictors for death. There was a significant difference between CRP and albumin levels in ESRD patients [P<0.0001]. Measuring CRP as a marker of inflammation can be helpful in managing these patients