Anti-inflammatory Activity of Sambucus Plant Bioactive Compounds against TNF-α and TRAIL as Solution to Overcome Inflammation Associated Diseases: The Insight from Bioinformatics Study

Inflammation is the crucial biological process of immune system which acts as body's defense and protective response against the injuries or infection. However, the systemic inflammation devotes the adverse effects such as multiple inflammation associated diseases. One of the best ways to treat this entity is by blocking the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to avoid the proinflammation cytokines production. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds as anti-inflammation through in silico approach. In order to assess that, molecular docking was performed to evaluate the interaction properties between the TNF-α or TRAIL with the ligands. The 2D structure of ligands were retrieved online via PubChem and the 3D protein modeling was done by using SWISS Model. The prediction results of the study showed that caffeic acid (−6.4 kcal/mol) and homovanillic acid (−6.6 kcal/mol) have the greatest binding affinity against the TNF-α and TRAIL respectively. This evidence suggests that caffeic acid and homovanillic acid may potent as anti-inflammatory agent against the inflammation associated diseases. Finally, this study needs further examination and evaluation to validate the potency of Sambucus bioactive compounds.

Hematopoiesis Activity of Sambucus javanica on Chloramphenicol-induced Aplastic Anemia Mouse Model

Hematopoiesis has a pivotal role in the maintenance of body homeostasis. Ironically, several hematological disorder caused by chemicals, drugs, and other environmental factors lead to severe bone marrow failure. Current treatments like stem cell transplantation and immunosuppression remain ineffective to ameliorate this diseases. Therefore, a newtreatment to overcome this entity is necessary, one of them by promoting the usage of medicinal plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hematopoiesis potency of S. javanica berries and leaves extracts in chloramphenicol (CMP)-induced aplastic anemia mice model. In this present study, several types of blood progenitor cell such as TER-119⁺VLA-4⁺ erythrocytes lineage, Gr-1⁺ granulocytes, and B220⁺ B-cell progenitor cells were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Accordingly, we revealed that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts significantly promoted TER-119⁺VLA-4⁺ erythrocytes lineage and Gr-1⁺ granulocytes after exposed by CMP. Thus, these results suggested that S. javanica berries and leaves extracts might have hematopoiesis activity in CMP-induced aplastic anemia mice model.

comparative analysis of serum albumin from different species to determine a natural source of albumin that might be useful for human therapy

Objectives: Serum albumin [SA] is one of the most abundant proteins in human plasma and performs functions for protein transport, scavenges for free radicals, and regulates osmotic pressure. SA has been used for therapy in humans with several diseases including hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia, and chronic liver disease. However, the most appropriate source of albumin for medical applications remains unclear, especially in the case of viral infections, which complicates finding viable donors. Substitution of human serum albumin [HSA] with albumin from other natural sources is a viable alternative. Therefore, we elucidated the similarity in character, structure and evolutionary relationship among serum albumin isolated from seven different species

Methods: We compared the sequence, structure, and properties of SA from different species using an in-silico approach

Results: These data suggested that SA has sequence polymorphism that clusters based on closely relatedspecies. However, these polymorphisms do not change the three-dimensional structure of the protein; this may serve to maintain its function as a transporter. The Gallus gallus albumin has the lowest number of the epitopes that closely resemble HSA

Conclusion: This study is crucial in providing explicit information about the structural similarity of albumin isolated from other species compared to HSA. The Gallus gallus SA might be used as a primary natural source of albumin where warranted for human therapy