Prevalence of Migraine among patients of Depressive Disorder

Objective: To find out the prevalence of Migraine among patients of Depressive Disorder

Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study, conducted at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, JPMC, Karachi from 1st January 2014 to 30th June 2014. Total 272 patients were enrolled in the study. Depressive disorder was diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria and Migraine headache as ICHD-2 criteria for diagnosis

Results: A total of 272 patients with mean age of 31.85 +/- 8.7 were enrolled. Out of 272 cases 64% were females; Out of total cases 86.4% were married. Migraine with aura was seen among 6.6% and migraine without aura was present among 26.1%. Migraine was linked more with females and married and of those having severe Depressive disorder

Conclusion: Migraine headache is common among depressed people, particularly females and having severe depression, so it ought to be remembered that while looking for Depressive disorder or headache the other condition must be remembered

Frequency of depression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery [CABGS], before the surgery, at discharge and at six months follow up

Introduction: Depression is much frequent in patients undergoing CABGS. However, severity was reduced post operatively. Counseling and psychosocial interventions can play an important role in recovery and functionality of patients

Objective: To compare the frequency of depression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery [CABGS] before the surgery, at discharge and at six months follow up

Design: Prospective, observational study conducted from Dec 2008 to Dec 2009

Setting: National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases [NICVD] Karachi

Methods: One hundred and thirty four [134] patients of 18+ years old who were consecutively listed for first time CABGS were included in the study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and addressing the ethical issues. ICD-10 criteria to diagnose and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D] were applied to assess the frequency and severity of depressive disorder respectively. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0

Results: One hundred and thirty four [134] patients undergoing CABGS fulfilled the criteria for Depressive disorder. One hundred and thirteen [84.3%] were male and 21 [15.7%] were female with age range 33 to 75 years [mean 53.7 +/-SD 8.57]. Preoperatively 132 [98.5%] patients and postoperatively 108 [80.6%] patients were depressed. At 6 months follow up which was available in 73 patients, only 12 [16.4%] were found depressed. Both genders were almost equally affected. Surprisingly age, ethnicity, education and co-morbids did not show a significant role

Conclusion: Depression is commonly reported before and after cardiac surgery procedures and it significantly influences the quality of life of the patients undergoing CABGS. The consequences can increase morbidity and mortality

Nutritional status of pre-school children - a cross-sectional study in Mingora, Swat

Objective: The main aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status of pre-school children in Mingora city of Swat

Methodology: A community based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Mingora city - an urban area of Swat valley, from April to December 2013, to determine the current nutritional status of pre-school children [2-5years age group]. A total of 550 children were selected by convenience sampling method. Anthropometric data was collected about height and weight. It was compared against National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS] standards. It was analysed using SPSS version 16 and Microsoft Excel 2010

Results: Out of total of 550 children, 46% [n=253] were males while 54% [297] were females. Mean weights of the children ranged from 11.6 to 19.3 kg [+/-1.9kg] and mean heights of different age groups ranged from 85.7 to 111.6 cm [+/-3.99 cm]. Height for age parameter shows that 88% [n=484] of children are within normal range. Weight for Age parameter shows that 82% [n=451] of children had normal weight for age; 14% [n=77] were underweight; 8% [n=44] of the children were wasted; while 8% [n=44] were stunted

Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood malnutrition was very low in the geographic area studied. Similar studies in other geographic areas are indicated to establish a complete regional nutritional profile

Diathermy versus ligation for hemostasis in tonsillectomy - a study on postoperative pain and hemorrhage

To assess the difference between suture ligation and diathermy techniques of tonsillectomy in our setting and to select a better and safer haem procedure for tonsillectomy. Single blind comparative interventional type of study. This study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur and Shahina Jamil Hospital Abbottabad from 1[st] March 2010 to 31[st] January 2011. 80 patients were divided into suture ligation and diathermy groups and their postoperative pain and bleeding rates were compared and analyzed. We found that the difference in results of hemostasis between ligation and diathermy was statistically significant in terms of postoperative pain. Regarding postoperative haemorrhage, the difference between diathermy and ligation was non-significant. It is concluded that in our set up, tonsillectomy hemostasis with diathermy was a better and safer technique comparing ligation especially in terms of postoperative pain

Congenital fetal anomalies antenatal ultrasound detection

A study carried out in two PAF hospitals radiology departments to determine the frequency of different anomalies by ultrasonographic detection. We subjected the pregnant ladies for ultrasonography who had basic screening done in obstetric department and had suspicion of some anomaly and were sent for detailed scanning. Other groups of patients were those who had bad obstetric history and sent from gynecological department for detailed scanning. About 200 patients were scanned, Out of these 134 had different anomalies and the commonest was from central nervous system with relatively more prevalent in cousin marriages. The study concluded in a small section of population showed the preponderance of neural tube defects as detected by ultrasonography but an area which was not subjected to detailed scanning was cardiac anomaly scanning due to non-availability of equipment and expertise in peripheral hospitals and may be possible in dedicated tertiary care hospitals