Indications and risk factors for permanent pacing in patients presenting to a single cardiac centre in pakistan

Background: Heart block to needs pacemaker implantation as management plan in emergency room

Objective: To determine the risk factors and indications for permanent pacing in patients presenting to a single cardiac center in Pakistan

Methodology: A cross sectional, single centered, study, was conducted from 1stSeptember 2015 to 30th April 2017. A total of 213 patients with different conduction defects, who presented to Punjab Institute of cardiology were included in the study. Patients of either sex with different conduction defects were included in the study after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Prevalence rates were calculated and analyzed by age, sex, different types of conduction defects and conventional risk factors for selected population. Data was entered in SPSS 21 and analyzed

Results: A total number of 213 patients were included. Frequency of conduction defect was increasing with age was observed with maximum frequency [28%]noted between 61 to 70 years of age. Hypertension [38%] and diabetes [23%] were the leading risk factors with female predominance and smoking in males among conventional risk factors. Among conduction defects third degree heart block was frequent [75%] among studied population

Conclusion: Rates of pacemaker insertions are increasing with age. The results are inline with international registries. Most common indication was 3rd degree heart block and common conventional risk factors were hypertension and DM. It is the need of time to establish a registry in Pakistani population and to record their patterns of presentation

Penetrating neck injuries; selective mandatory exploration

The aim of this study is to highlight the effectiveness of selective exploratory protocol in penetrating neck injuries which may reduce the number of negative explorations without increasing the number of complications due to delay in exploration. Setting: Departments of General Surgery and ENT, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Design: Retrospective Study. Period: Jan, 1997 to Dec, 1998. Patients and Fifty two patients presenting with penetrating neck injuries were included in this study; 46 male and 6 female patients. A selective exploration in penetrating neck injuries is safe management. The selective exploratory approach is a safe and reliable procedure in managing significant neck injuries requiring surgical intervention

Tuberculosis of the middle ear

Tuberculosis of the middle ear and the mastoid is not a very common condition. Traditionally it has been diagnosed because of its peculiar clinical features such as painless otorrhoea, sensori-neural hearing loss and multiple perforations in the tympanic membrane. We report a case in which there were no clinical features of tuberculosis, otorrhoea was painful and hearing loss was of conductive variety. The final diagnosis depends on histopathology and we recommend pathological examination of all tissue removed during surgery

Prevention in chronic tonsillitis

Tonsillectomy is amongst the most common surgical procedures carried out in children. The diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis is made mainly on history and clinical examination. We intend to document different presentations in this common disease in our part of world and today the indications for the procedure are defined much more precisely