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Objective: To investigate smartphone addiction among medical students and to determine factors associated with smartphone addiction among sixth-year medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 sixth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during July 2017. Data analysis was done using SPSS20
Results: The number of completed questionnaires received was181 out of 203, making a response rate of 89%. There were 87 male respondents [48.1%] and 94 female respondents [51.9%]. The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction was 66 [36.5%]. There is a statistically significant relationship between daily hours of smartphone usage and smartphone addiction [p<0.02]. Out of 66 addicted students, 24 [55.8%] students reported using their smartphone more than five hours daily, 17[34.7%] students were using it 4 to 5 hours daily, 13 [27.7%] students were using it 2 to 3 hours daily and 12[28.6%] students were using it less than two hours daily. The study showed no statistically significant relationship between smartphone addiction and smoking statusor degree of obesity. There was a significant association between the total score on the smartphone addiction scale and daily usage hours [pvalue<0.005]
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction was high among our study participants. The smartphone addiction was associated with daily hours of smartphone usage
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Objective: We aimed at finding out reliable parameter in the differentiation of iron deficiency anemia [IDA] and beta-thalassemia trait [beta -TT] in the adult population subjected to Saudi Arabian Premarital Screening Program
Methods: A total of 620 adults [age range 21-36 years] reported during February 2012 to November 2012. Tests for serum iron and ferritin were carried out in individuals showing low hemoglobin [Hb]. All the selected subjects' samples were subjected to blood morphology, comparison of MCV, RBC count. Red Cell Distribution Width [RDW] was noted from the Coulter Report whereas Red Cell Distribution Width Index [RDWI] value was calculated for all the samples
Results: A total of one hundred and thirty-five individuals with hypochromic microcytic anemia having normal hemoglobin F and hemoglobin A2 < 3.2% were inducted in the study. Ninety-three were diagnosed having IDA, whereas thirty-two were having beta TT. Ten individuals revealed other causes of anemia. The RBC count was higher, and MCV was much lower in beta TT as compared to IDA. Both groups were subjected to RDW and RDWI, however, RDWI which showed better sensitivity and specificity for beta TT
Conclusion: RDWI is a reliable and useful index for differentiation among IDA and beta TT, as compared to RDW
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Objective: To assess mid-luteal estradiol [E2] levels in poor and good responders and determine its effect on the outcome after intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]
Methods: The current study was carried out in females who underwent ICSI from June 2011 to September 2013 in "Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples". They were categorized into good and poor responders on the basis of female age 5, respectively. Their mid-luteal E2 measured on the day of embryo transfer was stratified into groups [A-E] on the basis of 20th, 40[th], 60[th] and 80[th] percentile values. The outcome was categorized into non-pregnant with beta human chorionic Gonadotrophin [hCG] 5-25 m IU/ml, and clinical pregnancy with beta hCG>25 m IU/ml
Results: The conception rate was 12% [63/513] in poor responders and 72% [237/329] in good responders respectively. The mid-luteal E2 levels were higher in conception as compared to non-conception cycles [p<0.001] in good and poor responders
Conclusion: Maximum pregnancies in poor and good responders [53% and 98% respectively] with mid-luteal E2 levels above 80th percentiles confirm the role of the increase in mid-luteal E2 for augmentation in conception rate of females after ICSI
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Objective: To investigate physicians' perceptions and practices towards Evidence-Based Medicine [EBM] and physicians perceived barriers in one institute of Saudi Arabia
Methods: One hundred seventeen practicing physicians at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah were included in the study. A validated questionnaire was used for collecting data. The questionnaire had four parts and included questions addressing perceptions and practices about EBM as well as associated variables and barriers to practicing it
Results: The majority of the respondents had a positive attitude toward EBM. Only 23.9% of participants reported that they are incorporating EBM into their practice. Knowledge about EBM databases was not good. The most common "regularly" read journal was the New England Journal of Medicine [31.6%], followed by the British Medical Journal [12.0%]. Some of the respondents had an understanding and were able to explain to others the technical terms use in EBM such as odds ratio [19.7%], relative risk [22.2%], absolute risk [23.9%] and others. The major perceived barriers to practicing EBM was the lack of free personal time [27.4%], availability and access to information [27.4%], difficulties in involving in whole practice [12.0%] and lack of investment by health authorities [12.8%]
Conclusion: The attitude of the practicing doctors towards EBM was good, but knowledge and practice were not up to the mark
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Objective: To assess the effectiveness of concept mapping [CM] on the academic performance of medical students' in problem-solving as well as in declarative knowledge questions and their perception regarding CM
Methods: The present analytical and questionnaire-based study was carried out at Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC] Karachi, Pakistan. In this analytical study, students were assessed with problem-solving questions [A-type MCQs], and declarative knowledge questions [short essay questions], and 50% of the questions were from the topics learned by CM. Students also filled a 10-item, 3-point Likert scale questionnaire about their perception regarding the effectiveness of the CM approach, and two open-ended questions were also asked
Results: There was a significant difference in the marks obtained in those problem-solving questions, which were learned by CM as compared to those topics which were taught by the traditional lectures [p<0.001], while no significant difference was observed in marks in declarative knowledge questions [p=0.704]
Analysis of students' perception regarding CM showed that majority of the students perceive that CM is a helpful technique and it is enjoyed by the students. In open-ended questions, the majority of the students commented positively about the effectiveness of CM
Conclusion: Our results indicate that CM improves academic performance in problem solving but not in declarative knowledge questions. Students' perception about the effectiveness of CM was overwhelmingly positive
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Background: The measurement of follicular output rate [FORT] has been proposed as a good indicator for evaluating follicular response to the exogenous recombinant folliclestimulating hormone [rFSH]. This places FORT as a promising qualitative marker for ovarian function. The objective of the study was to determine FORT as a predictor of oocyte competence, embryo quality and clinical pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on a group of infer- tile females [n=282] at Islamabad Clinic Serving Infertile Couples, Islamabad, Pakistan, from June 2010 till August 2013. Downregulated females were stimulated in injection gonadotropins and on ovulation induction day, pre-ovulatory follicle count [PFC] was determined using transvaginal ultrasound scan [TVUS], and FORT was determined as a ratio of PFC to antral follicle count [AFC]×100. Group I consisted of females with a negative pregnancy test, while group II had a positive pregnancy test that was confirmed with the appearance of fetal cardiac activity. Linear regression analyses of categorical variables of clinical pregnancy along with other independent variables, including FORT, were performed using SPSS version 15.0
Results: Pregnancy occurred in 101/282 women who were tested, recording a clinical pregnancy rate of about 35.8%. FORT values were higher in group II as compared to group I females [P=0.0001]. In multiple regression analysis, 97.7, 87.1, 78.2, and 83.4% variations were explained based on the number of retrieved oocytes per patients, number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved, number of fertilized oocytes, and number of cleaved embryos, respectively, indicating FORT as an independent predictor
Conclusion: FORT is a predictor of oocyte competence in terms of a number of retrieved, mature and fertilized oocytes. It also gives information about the number of cleaved embryos and clinical pregnancy rate
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Introduction: The present study explored the utility, attitude, and trends regarding Smart phone related Medical Applications [Apps] among medical students of King Abdulaziz University [KAU] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [SA] and their perceptions of the impact of Medical Apps in their training activities
Subjects and methods: This survey was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, and Rabigh campuses, KAU, Jeddah, SA. All participants were medical students of 2nd to 6th year. The data was collected by using an anonymous questionnaire regarding the perception of medical students about Medical Apps on the smart devices and the purpose of installation of the Apps. Additionally examined was the use of different Medical Apps by the students to investigate the impact of Medical Apps on the clinical training/practice. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21
Results: The opinion of 330/460 medical students from all academic years was included in the study with a response rate of 72%. There were 170 [51.5%] males and 160 [48.5%] females with a mean age of 21.26 +/- 1.86 years. Almost all participating students 320 [97%] were well aware of Medical Apps for smart devices and89.1% had installed different applications on their smart devices. The main usage was for either revision of courses [62.4%] or for looking up of medical information [67.3%], followed by preparing for a presentation [34.5%] and getting the medical news [32.1%]. Regarding the impact of Medical Apps, most of the students considered these helpful in clinical decision-making, assisting in differential diagnosis, allowing faster access to Evidence-Based Medical practice, saving time and others. The practical use of these Apps was found to be minimal in medical students. Around 73% were occasional users of Medical Apps, and only 27% were using Medical Apps at least once a day
Conclusion: The regular use of Medical Apps on mobile devices is not common among medical students of KAU
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The aim of present study was to investigate serum homocysteine levels in apparently healthy vegetarians and ominvores in Mithi, district Tharparker, Sindh, Pakistan. This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center [JPMC], Karachi and blood samples were collected from Mithi, district Tharparker, Sindh, Pakistan, in 2012. One hundred vegetarian and one hundred omnivores [age ranging from 20-40 years] were enrolled for this study. Serum homocysteine levels were measured by the chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method. Serum homocysteine [Hcy] level was considerably higher [p<0.001] in vegetarian group compared to omnivores. We further grouped and analyzed our study subjects according to their gender and according to Hcy level [greater than or lower than 15micromol/L]. A considerable number of vegetarian subjects 30% were having Hcy >15micromol/L compared to omnivores 6%, [p<0.001]. Gender-wise comparison showed that 27.02% male and 38.46% females had >15micromol/L serum Hcy level in vegetarian group and 6.9% male and 3.5% females had >15micromol/L serum Hcy level in omnivores group, but the difference was not significant in any group. Vegetarians are more prone to develop hyperhomocysteinemia, so they are at high risk to develop cardiovascular disease
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To investigate the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among University students' and their knowledge and attitude towards risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD] in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 610 male students were selected for present cross sectional study and their blood pressure [BP] and body mass index [BMI] was determined, other data was gathered through a questionnaire, and SPSS-16 was used for analyzing data. Out of 610 students, 7.5% were hypertensive [systolic 2.6% and diastolic 6.3%] while the BMI of 51.6% was in the normal range, 29.8% were overweight and 10.7% were moderately obese and 7.9% were severely obese. Majority of the participants considered that smoking, increased fatty food intake, obesity, high BP, and increased LDL-cholesterol level, are the main causes of the CVD. Most of the participants agreed that one should know his BP, blood sugar, serum cholesterol and one should maintain normal body weight and should do regular exercise. They were also aware that healthy lifestyle could prevent CVD. However, majority of the participants were not practicing healthy lifestyle. A huge gap exists in the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding risk factors of CVD among the university students
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Objective: To investigate the effect of Beri-honey-impregnated dressing on diabetic foot ulcer and compare it with normal saline dressing
Study Design: A randomized, controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal, Pakistan and Bhatti International Trust [BIT] Hospital, Affiliated with Central Park Medical College, Lahore, from February 2006 to February 2010
Methodology: Patients with Wagner's grade 1 and 2 ulcers were enrolled. Those patients were divided in two groups; group A [n=179] treated with honey dressing and group B [n=169] treated with normal saline dressing. Outcome measures were calculated in terms of proportion of wounds completely healed [primary outcome], wound healing time, and deterioration of wounds. Patients were followed-up for a maximum of 120 days
Results: One hundred and thirty six wounds [75.97%] out of 179 were completely healed with honey dressing and 97 [57.39%] out of 169 wtih saline dressing [p=0.001]. The median wound healing time was 18.00 [6 - 120] days [Median with IQR] in group A and 29.00 [7 - 120] days [Median with IQR] in group B [p < 0.001]
Conclusion: The present results showed that honey is an effective dressing agent instead of conventional dressings, in treating patients of diabetic foot ulcer