A prospective knowledge, attitude and practice-based study of pelvic floor muscle training in fitness-oriented women

Background: Although knowledge, attitude and need of pelvic floor muscle training are well established but there is lack of practice of PFMT even in fitness oriented educated women. Objective was to evaluate the knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) of PFMT in fitness-oriented women.Methods: A Cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women of 18-45 years who are not pregnant and fitness oriented by providing a self-administrated KAP questionnaire then all answers were analysed.Results: A total of 100 women were included in the study and baseline characteristics were determined. Out of 100 participants 97% had the knowledge about the pelvic floor muscle while 95% knew about its exercise with 100% of them believed it to be a good practice. The results showed significant association with the knowledge of PFMT to the educational status. Despite In spite of high quality of knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding pelvic floor muscle and its training, unfortunately only 8% of educated females practiced pelvic floor muscle exercises in their daily routine.Conclusions: So, we conclude that pelvic floor muscle training should be inculcated in our society at the very root levels or even in school education like other exercises or meditation. Essential motivation, education and awareness should be spread through various possible means.

Age‑related changes in hematological and biochemical profiles of Wistar rats / 한국실험동물학회지

Background@#Wistar rats are extensively used as the model for assessing toxicity and efficacy in preclinical research.Hematological and biochemical laboratory data are essential for evaluating specific variations in the physiological and functional profile of a laboratory animal. Establishing hematological and biochemical reference values for Wistar (han) rats at various age intervals was the goal of this work. Male and female Wistar rats (n = 660) of ages 6–8 weeks, 10–14 weeks and > 6 months were used in the experiment. Blood and serum were collected from these rats under fasting conditions. @*Results@#We observed that the majority of hematological and biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by sex and age. Hematological changes were significantly correlated to aging were increased red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils in both sexes, as well as decreased platelet, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and lymphocytes in both sexes. White blood cells of male rats were considerably higher than those of female rats in all age ranges. For biochemistry, increase in glucose, total protein and creatinine were seen in both sexes, along with increases in urea in females and alanine aminotransferase in males.Age was significantly associated with decreased alkaline phosphatase in both sexes. @*Conclusions@#When using Wistar rats as a model, these reference values may be useful in evaluating the results.

Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Linseed Genotypes for Yield and Its Component Traits

In the present investigation a total 30 linseed genotypes including released varieties were evaluated during Rabi 2021-22 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota, Rajasthan (India) for understanding genetic diversity for grain yield and its component traits using principal component analysis. PCA was utilized to examine the variation and to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total variability, first four principal components have more than one eigen values and accounted for 70.87% of total cumulative variance among 11 traits. PC1 had the contribution from traits viz., days to maturity, plant height, capsule per plant, seed per capsule, plant stand, test weight, branches per plant, germination per cent and yield per plant, which accounted for 26.08% of the total variability whereas PC2, PC3 and PC4 exhibited 20.13%,13.43% and 11.23% to the total variability respectively. Thus, the results of principal component analysis revealed the wide genetic variation in linseed genotypes indicating that these accessions may be used as donors to improve the yield and quality traits in varietal development program. On the basis of Ward’s linkage cluster analysis, five cluster were formed to identify relative closeness among 30 genotypes. Cluster V consisted of maximum 9 genotypes followed by cluster I and IV (8), cluster III (3) and cluster II (2). Maximum inter cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and IV indicating the possibilities of high heterosis if individual from these clusters were cross-bred. Cluster I had the highest mean values for plant height, seed per capsule, plant stand and yield per plant. Hence, suggesting that the genotypes constituted in these clusters may be used as a parent for future hybridization programs.

A randomized double-blind study to evaluate asurgeon-based technique to reduce post-operative pain in minimal gynecological surgery

Background: The study aims to evaluate whether instillation of levo-bupivacaine intraperitoneally decreases post-operative pain after laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries, using VAS pain Scale.Methods: Randomized placebo controlled double blinded study conducted at tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. 90 ASA I & II women scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries. 20 ml 0.5% levo-bupivacaine diluted with 40ml normal saline (total 60ml) intraperitoneally at the end of surgery before closure of ports along with port site infiltration of levo-bupivacaine (3-5 ml) in intervention group and 60 ml normal saline intraperitoneally in control group.Results: Mean pain scores were significantly lower (p<0.01) in the intervention group when compared to the control group for initial 4 hours of the study after that mean pain score was lower in intervention group than control group but it was statistically not significant. The requirement of rescue analgesia was also significantly lesser in intervention group compared to control group.Conclusions: Levo-bupivacaine is an easy, cheap and non-invasive method which provides good analgesia in the immediate postoperative period after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery, without adverse effects, especially in the early postoperative period. This improves patients experience and should be made an integral part of all minimal gynaecological endoscopic surgery.

Potential of Bioagents and Botanicals on Vegetative Growth Parameter of Betelvine (Piper betle) against Leaf Spot (Colletotrichum capsici Syd.)

The betelvine (Piper betle L.) is a perennial climbing evergreen shrub belonging to the Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family. As leaves has economic part of betelvine crop and consumed freshly harvested leaves. The present study were carried out at farmer’s field in collaboration with Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Prayagraj to find out the ecological, environmentally and biological safe treatment to manage the disease as well increases the plant height and leaves length. Among all the treatment Trichoderma harzianum found to increase maximum plant height at different days after planting. While, Trichoderma viride increases the maximum leaves length and breadth during both the year.

Current state of non-hematologic cancer-associated thrombosis at a tertiary care hospital in India

Abstract Introduction Cancer-associated thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in malignancy patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation is under-utilized and the cost of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and direct oral anticoagulants is a major barrier in developing countries. Material and methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all cancer-associated thrombosis patients attending the thrombosis clinic at a tertiary-level referral hospital based in North India between 2011 and 2015. Patient demographics and disease-related parameters were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 771 patients attended the thrombosis clinic during study period, of which 64 cases were malignancy-associated. Of these, 56% of the patients were female and 20% were bedridden. The median age was 48.5 years, adenocarcinoma (48%) being the most common histological subtype. Gynecological malignancies (30%) were the most common malignancies, followed by genitourinary (11%) malignancies. Most of the cases occurred during first year of diagnosis (51%), and only 14% occurred after 3 years. Most of the patients were on combined treatment. Almost 40% of the patients developed thrombosis within 30 days of surgical treatment. Lower limb thrombosis was the most commonly seen type (56%), while abdominal and pulmonary thrombosis were both seen in 5%. Patients were managed with LMWH and vitamin K antagonists (84.3%) and only 6.25% with LMWH alone. Direct oral anticoagulants were not commonly used during the study period. Discussion At the hospital studied, most of the cases occurred early in the disease course. Postoperative prophylaxis could have contributed towards reducing thrombosis in the peri-operative period. Early suspicion and prompt treatment can improve quality of life in such patients.

Is Teriparatide Superior in Treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures in Comparison to Bisphosphonates Treatment Alone: A 2-Year Retrospective Analysis

Methods@#In a 24-month follow-up retrospective study, 191 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were randomly assigned to the bisphosphonate group (n=104) or the teriparatide group (n=87), with patients opting for their treatment between January 2016 and October 2020. Demographic data and patient-reported outcomes scores, including the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), union rates, and kyphosis progression, were assessed at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment. @*Results@#Both groups had a significant decrease in VAS, from 8.38±0.74 to 3.15±1.40 in the bisphosphonate group and from 8.49±0.73 to 1.11±0.31 in the teriparatide group. The ODI scores reduced significantly at 2-year follow-ups, recording 25.02±13.94 and 15.11±2.17 in the bisphosphonate and teriparatide groups, respectively. Risks of nonunion development were slightly higher at 11.53% in the bisphosphonate group and 8.63% in the teriparatide group required operative intervention. The kyphosis progression angles were also significantly lower in the teriparatide group (4.97°±0.78°) than in the bisphosphonate group (8.09°±1.25°). @*Conclusions@#Over time, numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of bisphosphonates and teriparatide in ameliorating pain. In this study, the efficacy of teriparatide surpassed that of bisphosphonates in certain aspects, such as the initial 6-month union rates and reduction in the progression of segmental kyphosis. However, bisphosphonates and teriparatide yield similar and favorable union rates at 1 year and final follow-up.

Study of Inflammatory Markers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the sudden worsening of symptoms of COPD like shortness of breath, increased quantity and color of sputum, and systemic inflammation, and has a significant impact on survival. Biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and procalcitonin have been studied in AECOPD patients as prognostic markers. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are two new inflammatory markers and play a significant role in prognosis in patients with AECOPD. NLR and PLR are easily available and cost-effective markers and have the potential for helping in the risk stratification of hospitalized AECOPD patients. Aim: Study of inflammatory markers in COPD and their correlation with clinical outcome. Methods: A prospective observational comparative study was conducted on 100 patients of COPD at the Department of General Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, and all necessary investigations were done. Results: A total of 100 patients of COPD were taken, 50 patients were in a stable state (controls) and the same number of patients were in an acute exacerbation state (cases). Mean levels of NLR, hsCRP, and procalcitonin in cases were significantly higher as compared to controls whereas levels of PLR in cases and controls were comparable with no significant difference between them. Levels of both of these inflammatory markers (NLR and PLR) were positively correlated with levels of hsCRP and levels of procalcitonin. Of the total 50 patients, 23 (56.00%) patients needed mechanical ventilation and 11 (22%) needed inotropic support. Only 6 out of 50 patients (12.00%) died. Levels of NLR and PLR were positively correlated with the duration of hospitalization. Levels of NLR and PLR were not significantly associated with the need of inotropic support and mortality, levels of NLR were also not significantly associated with the need of mechanical ventilation whereas levels of PLR were significantly higher in patients who required mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Levels of NLR were raised in patients with AECOPD (cases) than stable state COPD patients (controls). So levels of NLR can be used as a marker to predict acute exacerbation and there was a positive correlation of NLR and PLR with levels of hsCRP and procalcitonin.

Severity and Cardiac Involvement in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

Multisystem infammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) occurs secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective study, involving 6 tertiary-care centers in Haryana, was conducted to evaluate the clinical features, severity, laboratory fndings, and outcomes of patients with MIS-C. Disease severity was graded (mild/ moderate/severe) and presence of cardiac abnormalities noted. Patients with and without cardiac abnormalities and with and without severe disease were compared. Forty-eight children with MIS-C were included (median age - 9.5 y). Fever (100%), gastrointestinal (83.3%) and mucocutaneous (50%) symptoms were common. Only 16.7% patients had previous history of documented SARS-CoV-2 infection/contact. Severe disease and cardiac abnormalities were seen in 47.9% and 54.2% patients, respectively. NT-proBNP>1286.5 pg/mL and thrombocytopenia (?119500/µL) were signifcant risk factors for severe MIS-C. Forty-fve patients (93.8%) recovered and 3 died. Median hospitalization duration was 7 d (5–9.5). MIS-C must be considered as a possibility in any febrile child, even if a positive epidemiological history is absent. High NT-proBNP and thrombocytopenia are signifcant risk factors for severe MIS-C.

Epidemiological scenario of leprosy in marginalized communities of India: Focus on scheduled tribes

The Scheduled Tribes (STs) are designated among the most disadvantaged social groups in India. Until the year 2005 (pre-elimination era of leprosy in India), several leprosy-specific control field programmes were implemented, which have been discontinued subsequently. Since then, leprosy diagnosis and treatment have been integrated with General Health Services. Thereafter, specialized expertise for the early diagnosis of leprosy has been gradually diminishing, especially at the peripheral clinics in remote areas. Hence, leprosy cases usually remain undetected for a long time and persist as endemic reservoirs. The tribal population of India accounts for just 8.6 per cent of the overall population. However, 18.5 per cent of the new leprosy cases were detected within the tribal community in the year 2020, indicating a disproportionately high burden of leprosy among the tribal population. Recent data suggest that these health disparities can be mainly related to the increased marginalization of STs as compared to other communities. This shows the need to further explore the current situation of leprosy in STs so that suitable interventions can address the contributing factors, leading to health inequalities in disadvantaged socio-economic groups. Therefore, this review aims to present the current distribution of leprosy in marginalized communities with a special emphasis on STs. Further, this review discusses how resources might be mobilized for such communities to find and treat undetected leprosy patients in STs to enable effective control of leprosy through early detection and timely treatment.

STUDY TO CORRELATE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS WITH ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS EVALUATED BY TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY IN POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING

almost ninety percent of post-menopausal females with endometrial cancer report a vaginal bleeding experience. Objectives: To ?nd correlation of radiological and histopathological ?ndings so that early evaluation of malignancy can be done. The Present Study included 50 Patients with abnormal uterine Materials And Methods: bleeding in postmenopausal women, aged between 45-70 years. All patients were subjected to transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the endometrium and the results were correlated to the histopathological picture of the endometrium after curettage in an attempt to discriminate normal endometrium from abnormal pathological patterns. Results And Analysis: Thirteen patients (26%) had pathological ?ndings. There was signi?cant difference in the mean endometrial thickness of non- pathological and abnormal endometrium in postmenopausal patients with P value <0.001**. Among the thirteen patients with pathological ?ndings eight had endometrial hyperplasia, two had polyp and three had malignancies. It may be Conclusions: concluded that vaginal sonographic measurement of endometrial thickness is an acceptable less invasive alternative to hysteroscopy and D & C and needs to be popularized as ?rst line investigation in the management of Postmenopausal bleeding in rural population

A COMPARATIVE RANDOMISED STUDY OF EFFECT OF INTRATHECAL CLONIDINE AS AN ADJUVANT TO INTRATHECAL LEVOBUPIVACANE AT DIFFERENT DOSES TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM DOSE IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

Background and Aims: Clonidine is widely used as an adjuvant to spinal anaesthesia to improve quality of anaesthesia but with haemodynamic side effects with increasing dose. We have conducted a study to observe the effects of Clonidine as an adjuvant to intrathecal isobaric levobupivacaine at different doses in terms of time to onset, duration and quality of block along with hemodyanamic changes to determine the optimal dose. Seventy-?ve Methods: patients were divided randomly in three groups of 25 patients each who got admitted for lower abdominal surgeries. Group LC15: 0.5% 15mg 3 ml levobupivacaine with Clonidine 15?g (0.1ml) and 0.4cc of normal saline. Group LC30: 0.5% 15mg 3 ml levobupivacaine with Clonidine 30?g (0.2ml) and 0.3ml of normal saline. 0.5% 15mg 3 ml levobupivacaine with Group LC45 : Clonidine 45?g (0.3ml) and 0.2ml of normal saline. volume of drug was equal in all three groups. The time to onset of Results: sensory as well as motor block was decreased in dose dependant manner, was least in group LC45 and most in group LC15 (Pvalue=0.0001). The two segment regression, duration of analgesia was most in group LC45 (Pvalue=0.0001). There was signi?cant fall (>80%) in blood pressure in group LC45 seen in 9 cases out of 25 (36%) than in group LC30 seen in 3 cases out of 25 (12%) and LC 15 seen in 0 cases. the optimum dose of Clonidine as an adjuvant to spinal anaesthesia given Conclusion: with intrathecal isobaric levobupivacaine 0.5% was 30?g with dose dependant decrease in duration to onset of sensory and motor blockade and prolonged postoperative analgesia with haemodynamic stability most with 30?g dose.

COVID-19 infection in patients with haematological disease - A tertiary centre experience from north India

This retrospective study was aimed to understand the clinical, laboratory, radiological parameters and the outcome of COVID-19 patients with underlying haematological disease. All patients with known haematological disease admitted with COVID-19-positive status from April to August 2020 in the COVID-19 facility of a tertiary care centre in north India, were included. Their medical records were analyzed for outcome and mortality risk factors. Fifty four patients, 37 males, were included in the study. Of these, 36 patients had haematological malignancy and 18 had benign disorder. Fever (95.5%), cough (59.2%) and dyspnoea (31.4%) were the most common symptoms. Nine patients had severe disease at diagnosis, mostly malignant disorders. Overall mortality rate was 37.0 per cent, with high mortality seen in patients with aplastic anaemia (50.0%), acute myeloid (46.7%) and lymphoblastic leukaemia (40.0%). On univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >2 [odd ratio (OR) 11.6], COVID-19 severity (OR 8.2), dyspnoea (OR 5.7) and blood product transfusion (OR 6.4) were the predictors of mortality. However, the presence of moderate or severe COVID-19 (OR 16.6, confidence interval 3.8-72.8) was found significant on multivariate analysis. The results showed that patients with haematological malignancies and aplastic anaemia might be at increased risk of getting severe COVID-19 infection and mortality as compared to the general population

Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild‑caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) / 한국실험동물학회지

Background@#Nonhuman primates are used for research purposes such as studying diseases and drug discovery and development programs. Various clinical pathology parameters are used as biomarkers of disease conditions in biomedical research. Detailed reports of these parameters are not available for Indian-origin rhesus macaques. To meet the increasing need for information, we conducted this study on 121 adult Indian rhesus macaques (57 wild-sourced and 64 inhouse animals, aged 3–7 years). A total of 18 hematology and 18 biochemistry parameters were evaluated and reported in this study. Data from these parameters were statistically evaluated for significance amongst inhouse and wild-born animals and for differences amongst sexes. The reference range was calculated according to C28-A3 guidelines for reporting reference intervals of clinical laboratory parameters. @*Results@#Source of the animals and sex appeared to have statistically significant effects on reference values and range. Wild-born animals reported higher WBC, platelets, neutrophils, RBC, hemoglobin, HCT, MCV, and total protein values in comparison to inhouse monkeys. Sex-based differences were observed for parameters such as RBCs, hemoglobin, HCT, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and total protein amongst others. @*Conclusions@#Through this study, we have established a comprehensive data set of reference values and intervals for certain hematological and biochemical parameters which will help researchers in planning, conducting, and interpreting various aspects of biomedical research employing Indian-origin rhesus monkeys.

Sustainable health financing system for India: The economic perspective

Health policy discussions in India have primarily centred around the low level of public health financing, ignoring that total health expenditure in India is at par with many other countries with similar economic development. India spends 3.7% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on healthcare, but the health outcomes are not commensurate with spending. We argue that simply increasing public health spending will not improve health outcomes unless inefficiencies in the existing health financing arrangements, public as well as private, are addressed. Using economic reasoning, we identify several allocative and technical inefficiencies in existing health financing arrangements. We argue that increasing resource allocation in the present pattern of financing may even worsen the situation. We give recommendations to correct inefficiencies in current health financing arrangements before more allocations are made to improve the performance of the health financing system.

Intracranial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Review of 49 cases

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IMT) is a rare pathologic entity that was first described in 1973. This lesion is most commonly found in the lungs, but other organs' involvement has also been reported. Intracranial location of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor is rare, and the first case was reported in 1980. An intriguing fact about the intracranial IMT is its resemblance with meningioma on clinical presentation and neuroimaging. We came across a case of intracranial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (IIMT) in a 27-year-old male who presented with recurrent episodes of seizures and was diagnosed as meningioma on neuroimaging. The lesion did not subside with medical management and kept on progressing in size. The patient had to undergo surgery, and diagnosis of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor was ascertained on histopathology. This 'surprise' diagnosis prompted us to review the literature on all cases of IIMTs reported to date to better understand the entity and its implications. In this review article, we present our observations regarding various studied parameters, including patient profile, clinical presentation, site of involvement, focality of the lesion, special associations, and lines of management of the 49 published cases of IIMTs.

Effect of Advanced Strengthening Program on Physical Fitness Test Performance in Injury Prone Pre-Military Trainee Cadets.

The pre military trainee cadets are mostly unaware about proper training techniques and because of their lack of knowledge they are prone to have musculoskeletal problems especially their shoulder, spine, and knee joint are more prone to any injury. So, in order to avoid injuries, effort was made to make them aware about the risk of getting injured and proper fitness techniques which will prevent their injuries as well as help them to improve fitness level and field performance also. We wanted to evaluate the effect of advance strengthening program on physical fitness test performance in pre-military trainee cadets.METHODSIn this comparative study, injury prone trainee cadets were randomly allocated in to two groups of 25 each with advanced training program. Group one did conventional type of routine exercise; group two followed advanced training protocol. Physical fitness test performance was assessed and compared between the two groups. Outcome measures were Burpees test, shoulder press, chin-ups, planks, leg press, 1600 meters running.RESULTSIn Burpees test, 37% improvement was seen by conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 63% for advanced strengthening exercise program. In shoulder press, 38% improvement was seen for conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 62% for advanced strengthening exercise program. In chin ups, 34% improvement was seen for conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 66% for advanced strengthening exercise program. In planks, 45% improvement was seen with conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 55% for advanced strengthening exercise program. In leg press, 39% improvement was seen with conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 61% with advanced strengthening exercise program. In 1600 meters running, 37% improvement was seen with conventional exercise program; whereas, it was 63% by advanced strengthening exercise program. P value was <0.0001 which is significant.CONCLUSIONSA significant improvement was found in muscle performance, and occurrence of injury was seen to be reduced with advanced training program in injury prone trainee cadets.