Anatomical Analysis Of The Abnormal Bone Outgrowths With Special Emphasis On Pterygoalar Bar And Its Crotaphitico Buccinatorius Foramen

Background: The knowledge of the ossified ligaments in the base of the skull is of utmost important for anatomical,clinical and anthropological correlations. One such ligament extending from the lateral pterygoid plate to theunder surface of greater wing of sphenoid is named as Pterygoalar ligament and is named as Pterygoalar barafter its partial or complete ossification. This Pterygoalar bar is of great significance as it obscure the view offoramen ovale to approach it for anaesthetic , therapeutic purpose either suprazygomatic or infrazygomatic via.Also its enclosed foramen crotaphitico buccinatorius which is comparatively smaller than any other foramenmay compress the structures passing through it, probably the structures emerging out of foramen ovale may takeup a route via this foramen and get entrapped, which may lead to either neurovascular compression disorder.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thickened bony bar, pterygoalar bony bridgesand to analyze morphometrically the homonyms foramen in a collection of contemporary skulls and discusstheir clinical implications.Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with 90 dried adult human skulls. Base of the skull wasexamined with naked eye, on both the sides for the presence of abnormal osseous structures from the lateralpterygoid plate.Results and Discussion: In the current study, we presented only one skull with unilateral complete pterygoalar barand 11 skulls with unilateral incomplete pterygoalar bar. The pterygoalar bar and pterygoalar foramen are rareclinical features but their presence may be of clinical importance in the event of trigeminal nerve injection oranaesthesia

Agenesis Of Isthmus Of Thyroid Gland – A Rare Case Report In An Adult Male Cadaver

Introduction: The thyroid gland is a highly vascular endocrine gland. The congenital anomalies of thyroid glandincludes thyroglossal cyst, ectopic thyroid tissue and rarely agenesis of one of the lobes or isthmus of thyroidgland. One such rare finding observed in the present study which is highly relevant both to the non – operativeclinician and in operative surgery.Materials and Methods: During routine dissection on an adult male cadaver in the department of anatomy,Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of medical sciences, Chennai, we report agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland.Results and Discussion: The lobes of the thyroid gland appear to be normal in size, shape and position. Anotherimportant rare finding was the presence of levator glandulae thyroideae which arises from the left lobe to thehyoid bone. Agenesis of isthmus and presence of levator glandulae thyroideae from the left lobe might occur dueto high separation of thyroglossal duct.Conclusion: The knowledge of normal anatomy and its variation of this vital endocrine gland is highly essentialfor physicians and surgeons for the repair of any thyroid ailment and also during tracheostomy