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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234142

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumours in the body. Patients seek their removal due to disfigurement, discomfort or cancerphobia. Historically, open surgical removal was the mainstay of their treatment but striving for less scarring, liposuction is the only new FDA approved alternative. Methods: 56 patients with subcutaneous lipoma of size 3 cm - 10 cm and fulfilling eligibility criteria were selected for this hospital based prospective cohort study after informed consent and Institutional Ethical Committee approval from June 2016 to July 2018. 3 mm irrigation cannula, 5 mm suction cannula, Suction holding tool and Luer lock syringe were used. Lipoma infiltrated with modified Klein solution. Lipoma suctioned out & through the same port, capsule in the cavity was pulled out employing long forceps. Results observed with regards to operative time, post-operative scars, post operative pain and recurrence. Result: A total of 56 patients were enrolled, operated, and observed. Mean duration of lipoma removal surgery was 47.32 minutes. 67.85% patients had pain score 1 after 2 hours of surgery. 100% of patients had healthy scars. 80.4% patients had 0 Vancouver Scarscore after 6 month follow up and only 1 patient had recurrence in 5 months. Conclusions: Our study showed good results in view of postoperative pain and quality of scar. Use of 5 mm cannula gave visually negligible scar with less than 2% recurrence rate. Even though the mean duration of surgery was 47 mins which is more compared to open excision, the good cosmetic result with minimal to no scar prevails over it.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-234040

RÉSUMÉ

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are one of the most chemo- and radio- sensitive cancers of the head and neck region. It differs from other head and neck cancers in terms of signs and symptoms, treatment response and overall survival. Surgery is not the preferred treatment option, with chemoradiation being the treatment of choice, with an excellent local control rate, prognosis and overall survival. But the management of recurrent NPC is quite challenging and the treatment options available includes re-irradiation, chemotherapy, brachytherapy or surgery in rare cases. Re-irradiation in case of recurrent NPC is very difficult due to the already irradiated tissue in the radiation path, but re-irradiation with brachytherapy is an excellent treatment option for giving further doses of radiation to the nasopharynx in cases of recurrence or residual disease, by taking in consideration the already irradiated area and the radiation dose given before, and achieving a good local control rate and overall survival.

3.
Med. infant ; 31(2): 163-166, Junio 2024.
Article de Espagnol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1567186

RÉSUMÉ

El acceso a una salud integral de calidad a lo largo de la vida es un derecho de todos los adolescentes y jóvenes; pero sobre todo resulta relevante en aquellos pacientes con enfermedades complejas crónicas como el mielomeningocele pues de no realizarse tiene repercusión notoria sobre su estado de salud con mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad. En este artículo se comenta la experiencia sobre transición de pacientes con mielomeningocele que se realizó en forma organizada entre los servicios de Consultorio de Mielomeningocele y Hospital de día Polivalente del Hospital Garrahan y el Servicio de Adolescencia del Hospital Ramos Mejía. Se trata de un nuevo modelo asistencial de trabajo interdisciplinario y colaborativo teniendo como eje una fluida comunicación interinstitucional. Este acuerdo formal entre ambos hospitales contó con el recurso humano especializado y la estructura física adecuada para el abordaje integral de esta compleja enfermedad crónica. Este programa propició un entorno al paciente que aseguró el seguimiento por equipos interdisciplinarios. Esta es la mejor opción para brindar un cuidado integral, equitativo, coordinado y accesible mejorando la calidad de vida de los pacientes con mielomeningocele a largo plazo (AU)


Access to quality comprehensive health throughout life is a right of all adolescents and young people; but above all it is relevant in those patients with complex chronic diseases such as myelomeningocele because if it is not performed it has a notable impact on their health status with a greater risk of morbidity and mortality. This article discusses the transition experience of patients with myelomeningocele that was carried out in an organized manner between the Myelomeningocele Clinic and Multipurpose Day Hospital services of the Garrahan Hospital and the Adolescence Service of the Ramos Mejía Hospital. It is a new care model of interdisciplinary and collaborative work with fluid inter-institutional communication as its axis. This formal agreement between both hospitals had specialized human resources and the appropriate physical structure for the comprehensive approach to this complex chronic disease. This program provided an environment for the patient that ensured follow-up by interdisciplinary teams. This is the best option to provide comprehensive, equitable, coordinated and accessible care, improving the quality of life of patients with myelomeningocele in the long term (AU)


Sujet(s)
Humains , Adolescent , Équipe soignante , Dysraphie spinale/thérapie , Myéloméningocèle/thérapie , Transition aux soins pour adultes/organisation et administration , Maladie chronique
4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-226736

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country, so the prevalence of infectious diseases caused by bacteria still remains high. On the other hand, the intense use of antibacterial agent in Indonesia causes a tendency for bacterial resistance to existing antibacterial drugs. One of the herbal plants that is widely used by some people is tekelan leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of an ethanol extract of tekelan leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods: Simplisia of tekelan leaves was tested for secondary metabolites and simplisa characterization testing. Antibacterial activity testing is carried out by the disc paper method, where the disc paper is immersed in the test solution with a comparison of the test concentration. Results: The results of phytochemical screening show that the secondary metabolites of tekelan leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and glycosides. The results of the characterization of simplisia moisture content are 7.99%, water-soluble juice content is 13.29%, ethanol-soluble juice content is 12.18%, total ash content is 7.45%, and insoluble acid ash content is 0.92%. The observation of the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of tekelan leaves was carried out by the disc diffusion method. The test results showed that the ethanol extract of tekelan leaves was categorized as moderate at concentrations of 1% and 2% and as strong at concentrations of 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract had activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and the MIC value obtained 0.7%. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract had activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233860

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is relatively rare worldwide but exhibits a higher prevalence in specific geographic regions, particularly Southeast Asia and the North-Eastern states of India. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of a decade抯 worth of data involving 117 patients with NPC at the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 117 newly diagnosed NPC patients spanning from 2012 to 2022. Key demographic parameters such as age, gender, presenting symptoms, and disease stage were meticulously documented. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: Our analysis encompassed 117 patients. The median age at presentation was 54 years. Undifferentiated carcinoma emerged as the predominant histological subtype. Notably, patients with type 1 keratinizing carcinoma, cranial nerve involvement, and advanced disease stages exhibited significantly poorer overall survival outcomes. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the North-Eastern region of India highlights the critical significance of implementing early detection and intervention strategies for NPC in this specific geographical area, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233829

RÉSUMÉ

Bartholin glands are greater vestibular glands and are located on either side of the vaginal opening. They are mainly homologous to the bulbourethral or cowper抯 gland in males. These two pea-sized glands secrets mucus which is essential for vaginal lubrication. Bartholin gland cysts are one of the most frequent fluid-filled masses developing in the vulval area. They may develop as cysts first without symptoms, but if left untreated, they can be infectious and can lead to surgical corrections. The incidence rate of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses is 0.5 per 1000 people per year. In women, it mainly affects aging between 35 and 50 years. The cysts formed due to blockage of the Bartholin gland duct, which further causes retention and cystic dilation. Mainly, the disease happens due to sexually transmitted infections. Needle aspiration, incision, and drainage are the easiest and most reliable treatment options, but they are not carried out due to their high recurrence rate. This Bartholin gland cyst can interfere with the quality of life as the person can suffer discomfort in walking, difficulty in sitting and walking, and discomfort during intercourse. Most of the Bartholin抯 gland cysts are also caused by the microorganisms that infect the perineal area. However, Bartholin抯 cyst occurs in nulliparous women of childbearing age. Women in the reproductive age group should get counselling regarding the disease to take better precautionary measures to tackle the condition.

7.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227554

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTA) pose a significant socio-economic burden and global public health concern. Monitoring road safety initiatives' efficacy necessitates analysing RTA incidence. This study examines time zone-specific RTA mortality in Kerala state, India, from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Utilizing compiled secondary-level time series data, the study encompasses total RTA fatalities in Kerala from 2016 to 2021. Data includes fatalities per year in nine consecutive three-hour time periods. Exploratory data analysis, time series regression, and exponential smoothing were employed for analysis. Results: Data reveals fluctuating trends in road accident (RA) fatalities, peaking in 2018 with a notable decrease in 2020. 18:00 to 21:00 recorded the highest and lowest fatalities, total 901 deaths. Disproportionate RA fatalities occurred from 06:00 to 09:00 (527 deaths) and 15:00 to 18:00 (697.5 deaths). The study employs Holt-Winters exponential smoothing for short-term forecasting, with a mean absolute scaled error (MASE) less than 1 signifying accurate predictions. Conclusions: The analysis highlights temporal patterns, emphasizing 18:00 to 21:00 as critical. Holt-Winters exponential smoothing proves vital for accurate short-term forecasting, with MASE reflecting precision. Urgency is stressed in adopting targeted measures for time-specific road accidents. Government intervention is pivotal, advocating for improved infrastructure, enhanced driver education, efficient vehicle management, and sustained traffic enforcement. Tailoring traffic laws to time zones, coupled with forecasting techniques, aligns with the overarching goal of enhancing road safety and reducing RA mortality rates.

8.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-233517

RÉSUMÉ

Unilateral interstitial lung disease secondary to unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (UPAA) is a rare anomaly due to a malformation of the sixth aortic arch of the affected side during embryogenesis. While most of the patients present in neonatal period with either cardiac anomalies or respiratory symptoms some of them can remain asymptomatic and late diagnosis is possible when suspicious presentation is noted on chest radiography. We report a case of 32-year female with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infection, who presented with cough and expectoration and the diagnosis of unilateral interstitial lung disease secondary to ipsilateral pulmonary interruption was made.

9.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227033

RÉSUMÉ

According to UNODC and WHO global estimates, only one in six individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) has access to residential rehabilitation programmes. This proportion further declined as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, which caused devastating problems to the individuals with SUD. The provision of residential treatment for individuals with SUD was interrupted due to COVID-19, in the aspects of the rehabilitation program, recruitment and service provision for rehabilitees or clients, staff and the infrastructural facilities. Further, individuals with SUD are known to have a greater risk of being infected with COVID-19 virus and developing post COVID complications due to their unstable psychological state, weakened immunity, malnutrition and other health related complications which have arisen with the prolonged use of substances. There is a timely need to provide a substantial emphasis on individuals with SUD during COVID-19 pandemic and to undertake the necessary steps to deliver the needed treatment. Critical appraisal of the available empirical evidence is instrumental prior to the laying-out and providing residential rehabilitation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the current review intended to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on residential rehabilitation for individuals with SUD by scrutinizing the latest empirical evidence in order to battle against the future pandemic situations.

10.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-219447

RÉSUMÉ

Effects of aqueous seed extracts of Sphenostylis stenocarpa on the reproductive indices of male rats were investigated. A total of 104 adult rats were used for the experiment, and were divided into 4 groups (group A – D) and replicated in triplicate. Group A served as the normal control, while groups B, C and D received three graded doses (800mg/kg, 1200mg/kg and 1600mg/kg) of the extracts, respectively, by oral intubation. The gonad characteristics, sperm parameters and hormonal analyses of the male rats were determined using standard procedures. These were ascertained prior to the commencement of treatment, and on weekly basis. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS and R software at 95% confidence interval. An overall dose and time dependent showed significant differences in the mean weekly gonad characteristics of the male rats in the treatment groups when compared with the control. There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the body weights of the male rats, but a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the testes weights, gonad somatic index, sperm count and sperm motility in the rats. The gonadal hormone testosterone, responded to the plant extracts, while follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones were largely undetected. There were significant increases in the testosterone levels of all the treated rats. Conclusively, aqueous seed extracts of Sphenostylis stenocarpa seems to possess ability to enhance reproductive health in male rats.

11.
Mycobiology ; : 94-108, 2023.
Article de Anglais | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1041721

RÉSUMÉ

Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate forTermitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO 2 conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a coadjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.

12.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;56: e12746, 2023. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1505873

RÉSUMÉ

Leptin and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) are two extensively studied biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies have mostly focused on either MetS or OA alone, with no available data on Vietnamese patients. This study aimed to investigate the levels of leptin and IL-1β in this patient population and explore their association with clinical parameters of MetS and OA. The study included 164 patients with primary knee OA, who were classified into two categories based on the presence of MetS, and 78 healthy controls. The plasma leptin and IL-1β levels were quantified by ELISA and correlated with clinical parameters. Leptin levels were higher in patients with OA (11.50±10.04 ng/mL) than in healthy controls (0.54±0.37 ng/mL) and increased in patients with MetS compared to those without MetS. IL-1β levels were also significantly higher in OA patients (14.63±15.87 pg/mL) than in controls (7.79±5.11 pg/mL), but were not significantly different between the MetS and non-MetS groups. Leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, visual analogue scale scores, HbA1c and insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index, whereas IL-1β levels were only correlated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR index. ROC curve analysis revealed that leptin and IL-1β levels could distinguish individuals with and without OA (AUC=0.96; 0.88, respectively), and individuals with and without MetS (AUC=0.82; 0.71, respectively). Our findings suggested that both leptin and IL-1β levels were associated with both MetS and OA and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MetS-related OA.

13.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-216840

RÉSUMÉ

Effect of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and ErCr YSGG LASER activation of three fluoride varnishes on surface re-mineralization of enamel A SEM-EDX analysisBackground: Dental remineralization is the process of transporting minerals from the surrounding environment (i.e., saliva and biofilm) into partially demineralized tooth structures. Remineralization can be induced by professional therapies such as fluoride-based treatments that have the highest level of supporting evidence. High-intensity LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma therapy have been known to increase the resistance of enamel to demineralization by surface modification. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the surface remineralization of enamel using ErCr:YSGG LASER and nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) activation with three different fluoride varnishes. Methodology: Sixty-eight extracted premolars were used which were sectioned mesiodistally to obtain 135 specimens and artificial caries were induced on the experimental surface. They were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 45): MI Varnish (GC Japan), Vanish Varnish (3M ESPE), and Embrace Varnish (Pulpdent). After varnish application, these groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the activation therapy used. Fifteen samples from each group were treated with ErCr:YSGG LASER, 15 samples with NTP, and 15 samples were the control that did not undergo activation. After 9 days of pH cycling, the mean ion concentration of the surface calcium and phosphate ions was recorded using FEG-SEM and EDX analysis. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test accepting P < 0.05 were performed for comparisons between all analyses groups. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio in LASER, NTP, and control subgroups, followed by MI Varnish and Embrace Varnish. ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed an improved Ca/P ratio in all varnishes than NTP therapy and control. Conclusion: ErCr:YSGG LASER therapy showed positive effects toward improving the Ca/P, followed by NTP therapy as compared to control in all three varnishes indicating their role in enhancing the effects of remineralization. Vanish Varnish showed a higher Ca/P ratio indicating better remineralization post activation.

14.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;55: e11593, 2022. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355922

RÉSUMÉ

Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.

15.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-216798

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Composites are the widely used restorative materials, and over the year, newer restorative composites have been introduced to eliminate the drawbacks of previous ones. The recent advance in restorative dentistry is bioactive restorative materials. However, bacterial plaque formation on these restorations is the primary reason for secondary caries. Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to do the comparative evaluation of bioactive restorative composites (Beautifil Flow Plus, Activa BioACTIVE, and Filtek Z250 XT as control) for their antibacterial efficacy under in vitro conditions. Materials and Method: Thirty material blocks were used for this evaluation. Antibacterial efficacy was checked against Streptococcus mutans and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: The results showed that Activa BioACTIVE shows maximum number of dead bacteria on the material surface compared to other groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded as it has maximum antibacterial efficacy among tested materials.

16.
Clinics ; Clinics;76: e3501, 2021. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350624

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Enfant , Adolescent , Qualité de vie , COVID-19 , Sommeil , Quarantaine , Maladie chronique , Études transversales , Enquêtes et questionnaires , SARS-CoV-2
17.
The lancet ; 3(6)2021. map
Article de Portugais | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, CONASS, LILACS, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1253678

RÉSUMÉ

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis, which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive diseases, including bacteraemic pneumonia and meningitis, and of secondary infections subsequent to post-viral respiratory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this prospective analysis of surveillance data, laboratories in 26 countries and territories across six continents submitted data on cases of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis from Jan 1, 2018, to May, 31, 2020, as part of the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance (IRIS) Initiative. Numbers of weekly cases in 2020 were compared with corresponding data for 2018 and 2019. Data for invasive disease due to Streptococcus agalactiae, a non-respiratory pathogen, were collected from nine laboratories for comparison. The stringency of COVID-19 containment measures was quantified using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Changes in population movements were assessed using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. Interrupted time-series modelling quantified changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in 2020 relative to when containment measures were imposed. Findings 27 laboratories from 26 countries and territories submitted data to the IRIS Initiative for S pneumoniae (62 434 total cases), 24 laboratories from 24 countries submitted data for H influenzae (7796 total cases), and 21 laboratories from 21 countries submitted data for N meningitidis (5877 total cases). All countries and territories had experienced a significant and sustained reduction in invasive diseases due to S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis in early 2020 (Jan 1 to May 31, 2020), coinciding with the introduction of COVID-19 containment measures in each country. By contrast, no significant changes in the incidence of invasive S agalactiae infections were observed. Similar trends were observed across most countries and territories despite differing stringency in COVID-19 control policies. The incidence of reported S pneumoniae infections decreased by 68% at 4 weeks (incidence rate ratio 0·32 [95% CI 0·27­0·37]) and 82% at 8 weeks (0·18 [0·14­0·23]) following the week in which significant changes in population movements were recorded. Interpretation The introduction of COVID-19 containment policies and public information campaigns likely reduced transmission of S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis, leading to a significant reduction in life-threatening invasive diseases in many countries worldwide. Funding Wellcome Trust (UK), Robert Koch Institute (Germany), Federal Ministry of Health (Germany), Pfizer, Merck, Health Protection Surveillance Centre (Ireland), SpID-Net project (Ireland), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (European Union), Horizon 2020 (European Commission), Ministry of Health (Poland), National Programme of Antibiotic Protection (Poland), Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Poland), Agencia de Salut Pública de Catalunya (Spain), Sant Joan de Deu Foundation (Spain), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden), Swedish Research Council (Sweden), Region Stockholm (Sweden), Federal Office of Public Health of Switzerland (Switzerland), and French Public Health Agency (France).


Sujet(s)
Caractéristiques de l'habitat , Haemophilus influenzae , Prévention des Maladies , Pandémies , Co-infection , Antibactériens
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2297-2307, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1142309

RÉSUMÉ

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.(AU)


O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição da silagem de milho por cana-de-açúcar na dieta de cabras Saanen em lactação e determinar a ingestão e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, o comportamento ingestivo, a produção e a composição do leite. As dietas experimentais foram compostas de níveis crescentes (0, 33, 66 e 100%) de substituição na matéria seca (MS). Doze cabras Saanen multíparas, com peso corporal médio de 45,2kg, produção média de leite de 3,0kg dia-1, foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental triplo quadrado latino (4 × 4). A ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) e de outros nutrientes foi estimada por meio da diferença entre o total de nutrientes nos alimentos oferecidos e o total nas sobras. A IMS, a proteína bruta, a fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e os nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados, mas a digestibilidade aparente da MS e da FDN diminuiu. A produção de leite não foi influenciada pelos níveis de substituição, mas a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura diminuiu. A cana-de-açúcar representa uma alternativa alimentar para cabras com produção média de leite em períodos críticos de forragem, pois não altera o consumo de MS e a produção de leite, mesmo diminuindo a digestibilidade aparente de alguns nutrientes e influenciando o comportamento ingestivo dos animais.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Femelle , Capra/métabolisme , Fibre alimentaire/administration et posologie , Saccharum , Aliment pour animaux , Phénomènes physiologiques de l'appareil digestif , Consommation alimentaire
19.
Int J Pharm Pharm Sci ; 2020 May; 12(5): 10-16
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-206088

RÉSUMÉ

Objective: Excessive oxidative stress is implicated in spleen injury. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and quercetin (QUR) have been shown to protect cells against oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate their effect on dimethyl nitrosamine (DMN) induced spleen injury in male rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Group (1): Negative control group (Con), Group (2): DMN group, DMN was given intraperitonealy at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks for sub-chronic injury of spleen tissue, Group (3): DMN+PRP, rats were injected intraperitonealy with DMN at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks then treated i. v. by single dose 50 μL of PRP, then left for a period of four weeks without any treatments, Group(4): DMN+QUR, rats received intraperitonealy DMN at a dose of 4 mg/kg b. wt/day for four weeks, then treated with quercetin orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg b. wt. in aqueous suspension daily using an intragastric tube for four weeks. Results: DMN inoculation resulted in significant elevations of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and xanthine oxidase levels associated with a significant decrease in Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the spleen tissue as compared to the normal control group. Moreover, DMN caused an up-regulation in the values of the splenic C-reactive protein (CRP), interleuckin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), leukotriene-C4 (LT-C4), P53 and Fas levels with a significant decline in anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 level as compared to the normal control group. PRP and QUR significantly attenuated the DMN-evoked spleen oxidative stress and modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes as compared to DMN group. In addition, treatment of DMN group with PRP or QUR resulted in an improvement in CRP, IL-6, NF-κB, LT-C4, P53 and Fas levels as compared to DMN group. Caspase-3 expression was positive in DMN group while no difference was present in control, PRP and Quercetin groups. However, the VEGF immunopositive reaction was found in DMN, PRP and Quercetin groups compared to control group. Histopathological results showed degeneration, haemorrhage, inflammatory cells and necrotoic areas in splenic tissue from DMN group compared to the treated groups where signs of recovery were observed in the whole splenic tissue. Conclusion: These data suggest that PRP and QUR protect rat spleen from DMN-induced oxidative stress, probably via their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. So, PRP and QUR are promising pharmacological agents for preventing the potential spleen injury of DMN following occupational or environmental exposures.

20.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-212107

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Human body is studied by dissection method on unclaimed or donated human cadavers. Anatomy is of paramount importance taught for the first year M.B.B.S students all over Indian Medical Colleges since decades.Methods: Medical Institution was started in month of September 2019 with 100 intakes on merit basis. Aim was to teach the human anatomy to 1st MBBS students by dissecting the cadavers for which an Awareness programme was conducted by department of anatomy regarding to Body donation. Study was done going through and studying the donated forms with full consent in duly signed consent forms. Their age, physical conditions and mental status were taken into considerations as the yard sticks.Results: Since college has started in September 2019, there was poor response and awareness about body donation. So far fifteen live donors including 12 males and 3 females have filled their forms in perfect normal status and with NO compulsion from anybody. Five dead bodies (Cadavers) received in the Department of Anatomy of Government Medical College, Barmer for the propose of dissection to teach the 1st year MBBS students. Awareness of donation of the body is in progress.Conclusions: In the present study, authors concluded that only few people gave response in favour of awareness programme of body donation showing the lack of awareness towards the body donation. So, the study has shown the requirement of more awareness programmes about body donation among the population. It will help to clarifying any myths or/and superstition so that the general public should aware and show interest towards the body donation.

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