[ determination of bio-kinetic coefficients of crude oil Biodegradation using pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria]

Oil pollution can be generated as a result of spillage, leakage, discharge, exploration, production, refining, transport and storage of crude oil and fuels in the environment. Consequently, many researchers have developed and studied the chemical, physical and biological methods to degrade crude oil. Among them, the biological treatments are the most interesting as they are simple and economical methods. The aim of this study was to determine biokinetic coefficients of crude oil degradation by pseudomonas aerogenusa. This microorganism was isolated in our previous work. In this study the bio-kinetic coefficients of crude oil biodegradation were evaluated. Pseudomonas aerogenusa bacteria which had been isolated from the soil sample taken from a gas station in our previous work were used in this study. This microorganism was cultured in the liquid medium containing crude oil as sole carbon source. Finally with determining the amount of microorganisms and crude oil concentration during biodegradation process, the bio-kinetic coefficients based on modified Monod equation were calculated. Bio-kinetic coefficients obtained from laboratory studies are vital factors in industrial applications. As a result, the bio-kinetic study was performed to find bio-kinetic coefficients for biodegradation of crude oil using the isolated bacteria. The results showed that,Y, k and were equal 0.107, 0.882, 9.39 and 169.3 respectively. Our results showed that Pseudomonas aerogenusa is usable for treatment of oily wastewaters in the full scale facility. Results of this study indicated bio kinetics confections

[Influence of Fenton process on treatability of Kerman City solid waste leachate]

Untreated leachate is discharging into the environment in the many countries of worldwide. Leachate treatment methods have not been unified so far due to variable composition of leachate. Moreover, the uncontrolled management of leachate, cause many environmental dissociates. The aims of this study apply the Fenton process to decrease the pollutants of Kerman leachate. Raw leachate was obtained from compactor vehicles used for the collection of Kerman city solid waste, before final disposal. In order to removal of biodegradable organic compounds, a rector was built based on characteristics of landfill Kerman city and raw leachate underwent anaerobic treatment in this pilot. In the next stage, treated leachate in the pilot, was affected by Fenton process. The optimized parameters in Fenton process including pH, reaction time and dosage of H[2]O[2] and Fe[2+] were also studied. The results showed that TSS, BOD[5] and COD decrease to 62%, 96% and 89%, respectively, after 60 days treatment in the pilot. BOD[5]/COD ratio also decreased from 0.6 to 0.2 in anaerobic treated leachate. In optimum condition [pH=3, reaction time=75 min, Fe[2+] =1400 mg/L and H[2]O[2] = 2500 mg/L] maximum COD removal was 78% by Fenton process. BOD[5]/COD ratio increased from 0.2 to 0.51 which showed an increase in biodegradability of leachate as a result of Fenton process. Anaerobic biologically treatment followed by Fenton processes could be assumed as an efficient process that could improved the leachate quality. Biological treatment to reduce leachate pollution alone was not enough. The most important Fenton process advantage is reduction of refractory and toxic leachate compounds and increasing leachate's biodegradability

Identification and classification of industrial solid wastes in ammonia unit of Razi petrochemical complex and feasibility of waste minimization

Petrochemical industries are considered as strategic and important sectors in economic development of Iran. Razi petrochemical factory is one of complex in Iran, established in 1970 with 100 hectare. In this research, the possibility of waste minimization in the ammonia unit of Razi petrochemical complex with about 1000 tons per year was studied for a period of 18 months from September 2003 to April 2005. More than 20 site visits were conducted and the required information was collected. Factors such as industrial solid wastes quality and quantity, sources of generation, production period and the present management practice, were studied. Petrochemical solid wastes were classified based on the recommended method of the United Nations and appropriate policies were suggested for waste minimization. The collected results of this study show production of 185 tons of industrial solid wastes from 45 sources which contained 68.5% catalysts, 10.25% metal barrels, 18.61% aluminum ball, 2.62% plastic barrels and 0.02% paper. 93.3% of these wastes were generated as the result of catalysts change, 3.3% as the result of using chemicals and oils, 1.7% as the result of methanol solution amid application, and 1.1% because of aluminum ball changes. Based on the UNEP methods, the ammonia unit wastes classified as 19/7%hazadrous and 87,12% non hazardous. At present 87.12% of these wastes are being dumped in the area and 12.88% are sold. Proposed procedures for waste minimization contain 68.5% reuse and recycling and 31.5% recycling

efficiency of anaerobic digesters on Microbial quality of sludge in Isfahan and Shahinshahr waterwaste treatment plant

Anaerobic digestion is among the oldest processes used for stabilization of solid and biosolids. In this survey 12 samples were taken from the digested anaerobic sludge of Isfahan and ShahinShahr WWTP and total solids, volatile solids, total coliform, fecal coliform, Salmonella and viable parasite ova tests were done. Results were compared with the 503 sections of the 40 CFR regulation of the US EPA .The result showed that the average reduction rate was 30% for volatile solids, 4.5x107 MPN/g. dry solids [DS] for total coliform, 5.6x106MPN/g.DS for fecal coliform, 24MPN/4g.DS for Salmonella, and 27 number/4g.DS for viable parasite ova of digested anaerobic sludge in Isfahan. In Shahinshahr WWTP, the average of reduction was 39% in volatile solids, 2.13x 107MPN /g.DS in total coliform, 1.16x106 MPN /g.DS in fecal coliform ,11 MPN/4g.DS in Salmonella and 16 number/4g.DS for viable parasite ova of digested anaerobic sludge . Therefore the digested sludge in Isfahan did not meet the requirements of pathogen reduction in class A and B as well as the reduction requirements for vector attraction, while the digested sludge in ShahinShahr met the requirements of pathogen reduction in class B and vector attraction. So, agricultural use of digested sludge should be made by limiting the kind of crops as well as controlling the harvesting time. The results from the two anaerobic digesters of Isfahan and Shahin Shahr showed that there was a significance correlation between the reduction of volatile solids with total coliform, fecal coliform and Salmonella [P<0.05, r>0.9], while there was no significance correlation between the reduction of volatile solids and viable parasite ova

Identification of the water pollutant industries in Khuzestan province

The purpose of this study was to build up a logic ranked pattern between the most important industrial activities with respect the type of water pollution and the discharge ways or managing the wastewaters in these units. For this purpose all of the statistical data have been gathered by referring to the responsible organizations. After that, by using the desk study, field work and selecting some of the industrial units as studied cases and by referring to their production processes and obtaining the curtained analytical results, the industries have been separated to several groups including Food,Textile, Pulp and Paper/, Chemical, Non-metallic mineral, Metal and Electricity and electronics Comparing the number of active industrial plants within the boundaries of Khuzestan province at 5 catchments area, indicates that Karun, Dez and Jarrahi basins with 1044. 324 and 290 active plants, respectively, are crowded with a lot of industries. Nature of the examined parameters has been selected in view of the production process type and includes pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, chloride, sulfate, BOD, COD, TSS, iron. Results indicates that Dez river basin, being compared with the other two basins, impose the most degradable organic, nutrient substances and suspended particle loads to Dez River, and the metal pollution load at Karun basin is more than the other two basins, caused by the steel industries concentrated in Ahvaz city