[Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with Core Max II and Transbond XT in fluorosed teeth and evaluation of enamel damage after debonding]

Orthodontic bracket bonding may encounter difficulties in fluorosed teeth. The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength [SBS] of brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth with Core Max II and Transbond XT and to assess the enamel damage after debonding. In this in-vitro study, 60 fluorosed [TFI=4 and 5] and non-fluorosed teeth were divided into two subgroups. The standard edgewise metallic brackets were bonded to the teeth with Transbond XT in the first and third groups, and with Core Max II in the remaining groups. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets was tested with a universal testing machine. The obtained data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, post-hoc [LSD], Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and paired samples tests. Fluorosis significantly reduced SBS [P =0.041]. Core Max II significantly increased SBS [P =0.040]. Teeth in group 4 [fluorosis and Transbond XT] had the lowest SBS [13.44 +/- 1.69 MPa]; group 2 [fluorosis and Core Max II] showed the highest enamel damage. Core Max II is a good adhesive for orthodontic bracket bonding in fluorosed teeth but conservative debonding methods should be necessarily applied to decrease enamel damage

relationship between core stability and lower extremity function in female athletes

Core stability is the ability of the lumbopelvic- hip complex to prevent buckling of the vertebral column and return it to equilibrium following perturbation. It has been demonstrated that trunk muscle activity occurs before the activity of the prime mover of the limb. Core stability is seen as being pivotal for efficient biomechanical function to maximize force generation and minimize joint loads in all types of activities ranging from running to throwing. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between core stability and lower extremity function in female athletes. Thirty volunteer female athletes with mean age [SD]=23[3.8] years old, participated in this study. They performed two series of tests: core stability tests [hip isometric abduction and lateral rotation, double leg lowering, trunk extension - flexion and left and right lateral flexion endurance, and double leg lowering], and lower extremity function tests [star excursion balance tests in three directions, vertical jump, single and triple hopping, stairs sprinting, 6 m hopping, and shuttle run]. The results of this study showed that the strength of hip isometric abduction with stairs] sprinting, 6 m hopping, and with star excursion balance test in three directions had r=-0.430, r=-0.367 and r=0.515 respectively and all significant. Also, right lateral flexion endurance with shuttle run [r=0.367], double leg lowering with vertical jump [r=0.42], trunk extension endurance with vertical jump [r=-0.404], were significantly correlated. In the other items there were no relationship between core stability and lower extremity function [p>0.05]. There is a relationship between core stability and lower extremity function but studies have not supported them. However, the data showed that core stability is moderately too weak related to lower extremity function, core stability could not be measured with these tests and they are not good indicators for lower extremity function. Evaluation of the core should be dynamic, and compromise assessment of the specific functions which specialize for athletic groups

[Experiences of stress in rescued women from suicide]

Introduction: Long term or excessive stress is harmful for human life. It causes behavior and emotional changes. It plays a main role in people suicide. Women not only are vulnerable in society but also face more stresses. Recognizing the nature of these experiences is necessary to find health and safety needs, also prevention of suicide effects. Experiences of stress in rescued from suicide and the nurses play a basic role to support the women to maintenance and promote their health. The study aimed to explore experiences of stress in rescued women from suicide

Methods: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Information resources include women saved from suicide who were confined to bed in hospitals of Isfahan Medical Sciences University. Purposive Sampling had been continued to saturate information. Finally 10 people had participated in this study. Data was collected by using in-depth interviewing and was analyzed by "Colaizy" method. We tried to analyze qualitative data based on valid criteria

Results: The findings of this research were summarized into four core concepts: life in stress that created from two cluster of internal and external stress, confront against stress have two clusters that included of adaptation and in adaptation behavior

Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that participants by using effective adaptation behaviors in critical conditions or confront against tremendous stresses [specially, resorting to spirituality's experiences] had lower injuries than the others. In stressful life condition, we should not only decrease stresses but also increase adaptation skills such as spirituality's belief. Learning suitable adaptation methods and preventing suicide, needs wide and comprehensive programming in social, family and economical fields

[Evaluation of enamel surface damage following use of two different adhesive resins and debonding pliers; a stereomicroscopic study]

At the final stage of fixed orthodontic treatment, the debonding process has high potential in causing enamel damages especially enamel cracks. Thus, the investigation on the effective factors involves in the amount of enamel damages including the type of resin and the method used for debonding is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the number of enamel cracks and changes in cracks length following bonding with two different adhesives, and debonding with two different pliers by stereomicroscope. In this interventionally in-vitro study, 120 extracted first premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups of 30. The metal brackets were bonded on the teeth with two pastes self-cure composite "Concise" in the first and second groups, and No-mix composite "Unite" in the third and fourth groups. The debonding was done by means of Lift off Debonding Instrument "LODI", in the first and third groups, and Dentaurum Bracket Removing Plier, in the second and forth groups, respectively. Before bonding and after debonding, all teeth were evaluated with stereomicroscope for comparing the changes in the number and lengths of enamel cracks. Data were analyzed using Wilcakson and Mann Whitney tests using SPSS statistical package. Statistically significant differences [p<0.001] in the number and length of enamel cracks after debonding were evident in all groups. The most increase in the number of new cracks was observed in the fourth group [p<0.05]. The results indicated statistically significant difference [p<0.05] in increasing the total length of enamel cracks between group 4 and groups 1, 2. The debonding procedure is principally destructive to enamel surfaces. Applying shear-peel force using bracket removing plier with Unite adhesive [group 4], increased the enamel defects compared to other combination of adhesives and debonding pliers