[Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its relation with depression]

According to destructive consequences of untreated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], this study was done to evaluate of the prevalence of adult ADHD and its relation with depression among Iranian students. This descriptive study was carried out on 414 students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran during 2010-11. ADHD was screened by ADHD self report scale for adult ADHD and asking DSM-IV criteria from parents for childhood ADHD. Beck depression inventory questionnaire was used to determine depression. The prevalence of adult ADHD and childhood ADHD was 3.9% and 8.5%, respectively. Depression was more prevalent in those with adult or childhood ADHD. Depression was more prevalent in under graduate than post graduate students [P<0.05]. Depression is more prevalent in students with adult ADHD or with history of childhood ADHD

[ frequency of mental disorders among Kerman residents above 15 years of age]

In developed countries mental disorders are recognized by screening questionnaires and clinical interviews. Since there is a limited number of epidemiological studies about mental disorders in Iranian population, the present study was performed to find the prevalence and type of mental disorders among Kerman residents older than 15 years old. At the first step, GHQ - 28 was completed door - side for 1527 residents selected through stratified cluster sampling. The cut off point of 6 was considered as disorder presence. At the second step, 490 ones who had obtained the cut off point participated in DSM - IV clinical interview. In whole, 32.1% [34.5% female and 27.1% male] were diagnosed as psychiatrically ill. The frequency of mental disorders was 35.1% among those over 65 years, 35.3% among 45 - 64 years subjects, 100% in divorced, 45.8% in widows, 40.2% in illiterates, 36.9% in students, 34.7% in housewives and 34.8% in low socioeconomic class. Major depressive and panic disorders were the most frequent disorders [6.8% and 4.3% respectively]. The frequency of generalized anxiety disorder was 2.8%, schizophrenia was 0.9% and Bipolar disorder was 0.3%. The frequencies of major depressive and generalized anxiety disorder were higher than other studies in Iran and similar to some studies from other countries. Different cultures and screening questionnaires maybe some reasons for these incompatibilities. The results of this study my help mental health providers to improve their programs

[Comparison of the outcomes of three detoxification methods [clonidin, methadon, rapid] in opioid-dependents referred to Kerman Shaheed Beheshti Hospital in a 6-month follow-up]

In this study the efficacy of traditional method, methadone tapering method and rapid method as three opiate detoxification treatments was compared based on demographic features and naltrexone consumption in a 6-month follow up. This Cohort prospective study was performed on 140 opioid addict men referred to opiate detoxification center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kerman/ Iran from 2005-2007. They were divided into three groups of traditional method [n=61], methadone tapering [n=34] and rapid treatment [n=45] and followed up for 6 months in order to evaluate the results of detoxification treatments. At the end of the first month, the rate of abstinence in whole was 80.7%, and this rate was 83.6% in traditional treatment group, 82.4% in methadone group and 75.6% in rapid treatment group that shows no significant difference. After the 6th month the rate of abstinence was 12.8% in whole, 16.7% in traditional treatment group, 16.7% in methadone group and 6.3% in rapid treatment group. These rates, too, show no significant difference among three groups. The rate of naltrexone consumption at the end of the 1st month was 75.7% in whole, 52.5% in traditional group, 47.1% in methadone group and 97.8% in rapid treatment group that shows significant difference among three groups [P<0.05]. There was no case of naltrexone consumption at the end of the 6th month

[ evaluation of anxiety, depression and global assessment of functioning in bipolar patients at manic and mixed episodes]

This research is carried out with the aim of comparing anxiety, depression and global assessment of functioning between two groups of bipolar patients at mixed and manic episodes. Using an analytical cross-sectional approach, a sample of 94 patients with mean age of 32 years old [Standard Deviation: 11.3], who had been categorically diagnosed with bipolar disorder using DSM-IV criteria and admitted in Shahid Beheshti Mental Hospital of Kerman /Iran from autumn 2007 to summer 2008 were analysed. These patients were grouped under two categories of Manic episode [n=48] and Mixed episode [n=46]. Hamilton's Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD] and Hamilton's Anxiety Rating scale [HARS] tests were performed. Patients' functionality were rated during their illness and for the period of 6 months before their infirmity using "Global Assessment of Functioning" [GAF] scoring system. Multiple logistic regression analysis, t-test, ANCOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Mean Hamilton's depression scores in mixed and mania groups had a significant difference [P<0.001] and mean Hamilton's Anxiety score of Mania group was significantly higher than that of mixed group. Patients' functionality rate at the time of admission was reduced considerably comparing to the 6 months prior to the admission in both groups but at admission the functionality of the tow groups did not have a significant difference. Both anxiety and depression in bipolar patients at mixed episode are higher than those in Patients at mania episode. Although the functionality of both of these groups reduces at the time of episode, there is no significant difference between these two groups in their functionality rate