Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes induced by Bisphenol A in reproductive tissues of female rat

Background: Bisphenol A [BPA] is an environmental chemical that has been widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins for many years. Due to its major applications in the production of plastic food or beverage containers and the coating of food cans, people of different ages are inevitably exposed to BPA in daily life. It is a contaminant with increasing exposure to it and exerts both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells

Aim of the work: the present study was designated to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical effect of BPA on the histoarchitecture of pituitary ,adrenal, ovarian and uterine axis of female albino rats and the ameliorative effect of antiestrogen drug and stem enhance

Experimental model and methods: 20 female albino rats weighing 100 - 120 g. were kept under observation for about 15 days before the onset of the experiment for adaptation, then the rats were classified into 4 groups 5 rats for each , the first group was left without any treatment for 30 days as negative control group , the second group was administered with 20 mg/kg.bw of BPA for 15 consecutive days as positive control, the third group administered with 20 mg/kg.bw of BPA for 15 consecutive days and then treated with antiestrogen drug as 0.1 mg/100gm.bw for 15 day, the fourth group administered with the same dose for the same period and the treated with stem enhance [4.5 mg/100.bw] for 15 days. All rats are scarified and organs were histologically examined after processing

Results: The results showed that PA has a histopathological effects on vital organs [pituitary, adrenal, ovary, oviduct and uterus] even for a short period with minimal ameliorative effect of antiestrogen drug and stem enhance

Identification of the epidermal barrier: a comprative histological study using different techniques

The present study has been undertaken to re-evaluate the site responsible for the low permeability of skin. Utilization of transmission electron microscopy and electron-dense tracer technique has made it possible to show that all the intercellular spaces of the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and, more significantly, the intercellular space between the superficial granular and basal corneal layers of the epidermis are permeated by Lanthanum. In the granular-corneal interface dense deposits of lanthanum and aggregations of excreted contents of lamellar bodies are observed. However, no lanthanum has entered the intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum. The present study suggests that the stratum granulosum and the granular-corneal interface do not function as an effective barrier to the passage of water-soluble intercellular tracers. It is concluded that the intercellular substance in the entire stratum corneum provides or forms "Physiological" tight junctions which impede the movement of water-soluble intercellular tracers and, more significantly, to transepidermal water loss

Complete metopism associated with other cranial abnormalities

Metopism is complete or incomplete persistence of the metopic suture that is normally present between the two frontal bones in the fetus, newborn and early childhood. Identification of the metopic suture and its morphological pattern have been infrequently investigated in some populations using visual inspection of dried skulls, plain x-rays of living and cadaveric heads and routine ultrasonographic examination of fetuses. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of persistent complete metopic suture in a collection of dried skull bones and to describe its morphology. We recommend that metopism has to be first ruled out before the diagnosis of frontal bone fracture in case of traumatic injury of the head. Additionally, a diagnosis of an abnormal configuration of the metopic suture in fetuses and newborns might give a clue to other more serious skeletal facial abnormalities