Peritonitis among intermittent peritoneal dialysis IPD users

Peritoneal dialysis is established as an important modality for maintaining patients with ESRD. Peritonitis remains the major problem facing it. So this work aimed at investigating IPD patients for the earliest signs of peritonitis, isolation and identification of responsible bacterial or fungal pathogens and microbiological study of transcatheter and pericatheter migration of microbes. The present work included 15 patients with chronic renal failure of diverse causes, over a period of 5 months. The results showed that cloudy effluent is the hallmark in diagnosis of peritonitis. Relapsing peritonitis represented 54.71% of total episodes, and it was associated with exit infection, colonized catheter and inadequate treatment. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated organisms [55.17%] including Staph. xylosus and Staph. lentus. Diphtheroids were the second most commonly isolated pathogens followed by Staph. aureus and E. coli

Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride following induces haemorrhagic shock in cats

The cardiovascular effects of opioid mixed agonistantagonist, nalbuphine hydrochloride and opioid antagonist, naloxone, have been evaluated in anaesthetized cats following the induction of hypovolaemia. The mean arterial pressure in anaesthetized cats decreased by about 39 +/- 0.5 mmHg following a haemorrhage of 40% of their blood volume. An intravenous infusion of nalbuphine [0.5 mg/kg/min for 4 min.] or naloxone [0.5 mg/kg/min. for 4 min.] partially restored blood pressure. Thus in experimental animal models of harmorrhagic shock, nalbuphine has similar cardiovascular profile to naloxone. The established analggesic activity of nalbuphine may confer an dvantage in some shock states