Status of hepatitis B vaccination among the health care workers of a tertiary hospital, Lahore

This study was carried out to assess the immunisation status among health care workers of a tertiary hospital and reasons for non-immunisation. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore from May 2005 - July 2005. A total of 358 health care workers were selected using systematic random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used after taking verbal consent from the respondents. All that 358 health care workers of different cadres were interviewed. Among them, 60% of the respondents were completely immunised against hepatitis B, 18% had incomplete immunisation and 22% had no immunisation at all. Main reasons for non immunization are lack of motivation [38%] and high cost of the vaccine [28%]. This is suggested that there should be 100% immunisation coverage of health care workers against hepatitis B by providing it free of cost and also making immunization compulsory for them. Health care workers should be motivated by regular health education campaigns to improve their immunisation status

Causes of low tetanus toxoid vaccination coverage in pregnant women in Lahore district, Pakistan

To assess the causes of low tetanus toxoid [TT] vaccination coverage in pregnant women a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted at the community, primary health care delivery and management levels in Lahore district, Pakistan. Out of a random sample of 362 women who had delivered during the previous 3 months, 87% recalled receiving 2 doses of TT. The main reasons for non-vaccination were poor knowledge about the importance of TT [32% of women] or the place and time to get vaccinated [18%]. According to the managers and primary health care medical officers, the main reasons for low coverage were lack of awareness about the importance of vaccination among the public and misconceptions about TT vaccination [e.g. that it was a contraceptive]

Job stress in Punjab University teacher

The study was conducted in a sample of 150 Punjab university teachers. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire to examine the relationship of job stress with psychosomatic health problems religiosity, exercise and happiness in life and exercise. Religiosity and exercise were found to be an important moderator of the stress outcome relationship. Where both husband and wife were working the level of stress was reported lower than those where one member was earning