Study of the relationship between severity of liver cirrhosis and Pulmonary function tests

Background: Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage. This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the relationship between severity of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh score and pulmonary function tests (namely spirometry and arterial blood gas). Patients and Methods: The study is a cross sectional one, which was carried out on 50 patients admitted in the inpatient wards, or in regular follow-up in the out-patient's clinics of the Gastroenterology Departments, in Al-Azhar University Hospitals between November 2018 and May 2019.They were divided into 3 groups according to Child Pugh Classification (A, B and C). Result: The prevalence of hypoxia was (30%) in all studied groups (50 patients), the hypoxia was present in patients with Child C and Child B (62%) and (29.4%) respectively but none of Child A had hypoxia. It was noted that all pulmonary functions were worst in patients Child class C when compared to other groups. However, patients Child B had also significantly worse pulmonary functions when compared to patients class A. We also showed that pulmonary functions are significantly correlated with synthetic liver function, Child and MELD score. The deterioration of liver functions and rise of patients score is accompanied by worsening of all pulmonary functions. Conclusion: Patients suffering from severe liver cirrhosis and ascites, have significant reduction in (PaO2) and (SaO2) in association with restrictive pulmonary function pattern (up to 100% of patients with massive ascites)

Study of the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Damietta chest diseases hospital and chest clinic over the period from 1997-2001

The pattern of pulmonary Tuberculosis in Damietta chest hospital and chest clinic in the period from 1997-2001 has been studied to give an idea about trends of tuberculosis in Damietta govenonate and about effectiveness of tuberculosis control program in Egypt and comparing these results with other obtained in other areas The data collected included:-I-Total number of subjects examined yearly 2-Total number of tuberculosis cases whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary and their percentage to total number examined .3-Age, and sex and occupation distribution among tuberculosis patients examined .4-Type of pulmonary tuberculosis ;primary, hematogenous, or bronchogenic 5-Grades of bronchogenic tubercolosis radiologically 6-Result of sputum examination either by direct smear or culture. 7-Type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis 8-X ray appearance of lesions 9-Defaulter number and theft percentage. 10-Fate of diseased patients. The study included 1102 cases diagnosed as pulmonary extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion. This cases classified into 792 cases pulmonary tuberculosis, 200 cases extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 110 cases tuberculosis pleural effusion There were 277 cases in year 1997, 273 cases in year 1998, 214 cases in year 1999, 180 cases in year 2000, 158 cases in year 2001. The results are collected in tables 1-13 The average percentage of pulmonary TB in Damietta Chest Hospital was [71.74%] and extra-pulmonary TB percentage was [18.3%]-The percentage of bronchogenic pulmonary TB was [95%], while primary pulmonary TB was [4.9%]. Pleural effusion percentage was [9.9%]and military TB lesion was [0.1%] in Damietta Chest Hospital .The relapse rate in Damietta Chest Hospital was [6.2%] and treatment failure rate was [10%] while mortality rate was [3.6%]