Résumé
Background: Emergency medical services [EMS] staff can play an important role in the survival and prevention of serious injuries to patients if they are in good physical and mental health and focus on doing their jobs with sufficient attention. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate attention level and its related factors in night shift prehospital emergency personnel
Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic study. A total of 114 Tehran prehospital emergency staff participated in this study. Pen and paper Bonnardel test and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The attention of the participants was assessed around 10-11 PM and 4-5 AM. The data were analyzed by using the Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t test
Results: Mean attention level of EMS staff was 0.490 +/- 0.237 around 10-11 PM and 0.456 +/- 0.252 around 4-5 AM. There was no statistically significant difference between the attention level of prehospital emergency staff around 10-11 PM and 4-5 AM [P?0.01]. Also, there was significant difference between age and the night attention [P<0.01]
Conclusion: The mean level of night attention of EMS staff was moderate. Therefore, based on the average number of daily missions in different bases, we recommend increasing the number of ambulances in the base or the number of bases in the crowded emergency areas. It is also necessary to increase welfare and nutritional facilities in prehospital emergency bases so that those who are older and experienced carry out fewer missions
Résumé
European Foundation for Quality Management [EFQM] model is a widely used quality management system [QMS] worldwide, including Iran. Current study aims to verify the quality assessment results of Iranian National Program for Hospital Evaluation [INPHE] based on those of EFQM. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 on a sample of emergency departments [EDs] affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS], Iran. The standard questionnaire of EFQM [V-2010] was used to gather appropriate data. The results were compared with those of INPHE. MS Excel was used to classify and display the findings. The average assessment score of the EDs based on the INPHE and EFQM model were largely different [i.e. 86.4% and 31%, respectively]. In addition, the variation range among five EDs' scores according to each model was also considerable [22% for EFQM against 7% of INPHE], especially in the EDs with and without prior record of applying QMSs. The INPHE's assessment results were not confirmed by EFQM model. Moreover, the higher variation range among EDs' scores using EFQM model could allude to its more differentiation power in assessing the performance comparing with INPHE. Therefore, a need for improvement in the latter drawing on other QMSs' [such as EFQM] strengths, given the results emanated from its comparison with EFQM seems indispensable
Résumé
Errors prevention and patient safety in transfusion medicine are a serious concern. Errors can occur at any step in transfusion and evaluation of their root causes can be helpful for preventive measures. Root cause analysis as a structured and systematic approach can be used for identification of underlying causes of adverse events. To specify system vulnerabilities and illustrate the potential of such an approach, we describe the root cause analysis of a case of transfusion error in emergency ward that could have been fatal. After reporting of the mentioned event, through reviewing records and interviews with the responsible personnel, the details of the incident were elaborated. Then, an expert panel meeting was held to define event timeline and the care and service delivery problems and discuss their underlying causes, safeguards and preventive measures. Root cause analysis of the mentioned event demonstrated that certain defects of the system and the ensuing errors were main causes of the event. It also points out systematic corrective actions. It can be concluded that health care organizations should endeavor to provide opportunities to discuss errors and adverse events and introduce preventive measures to find areas where resources need to be allocated to improve patient safety.
Résumé
Objective [s]: The universal endeavors have been started for the limitation of AIDS epidemic so far. One of these programs is the promotion of scientific methods and setting of the suitable surveillances, for the purpose of problem solving and application of the most accessible data and designs, for the process of decision making. The present research has been conducted to investigate the HIV/AIDS surveillances in the selection countries
Methods: The current investigation which is about the HIV/AIDS surveillance has been presented in a frame with 3 patterns, [data sources; minimum data set; data collection, data reporting and data processing disciplines] in America, Australia, Britain, Malaysia and Iran in 1388. It should be notified that the research is descriptive. In this regard, the current situation of HIV/AIDS surveillance in Iran, was investigated through visiting the [center of diseases management], which is located in the ministry of health and medical education, with interview and studying of forms and the current documents and application of check lists and then HIV/AIDS surveillance has been studied in the selection countries. Data analysis was descriptive-theoretical and it was on the basis of the comparison between doctrine's characteristics in the selection countries
Results: All of the above said four countries have emphasized on the promotion of scientific methods and setting of the suitable surveillance, for problem perception and application of the most accessible data and designs, for the process of decision making
Conclusion: In the whole designing and performing of HIV/AIDS surveillance in Iran has been suggested for the better understanding of the epidemic procedure over time, better understanding of the epidemic's outbreak behaviors in the country, pre-caution and focus on the sub-population with the most infection risk, and control designing with the use of high quality data
Résumé
The present research has been conducted to design the HIV/AIDS Surveillance system for Iran applying WHO recommendations, using the experiences of the countries having the lead in the design and implementation of the system. In this descriptive study of applied kind, we initially investigated the existing circumstances governing Iran's HIV/AIDS information system from the Ministry of Health using a checklist. Subsequently, the HIV/AIDS surveillance system of selected countries [USA, United Kingdom and Australia] were studied and based on the country's requirements, a model was proposed and designed for Iran. The Delphi technique was utilized to find the views of 24 experts in infectious diseases and Health Information Management. The validity of research instruments was measured using content validity and the reliability was obtained using attest-retest method. A model for HIV/AIDS surveillance system was presented based on WHO recommendations and using the experiences of selected countries. This was presented in six axes: general specifications of the system, minimum data set, data collection and reporting, data processing, data processing rules, and data distribution. Using Delphi technique, the results were approved obtaining the score of 36.3 out of 44 [82.5 percent]: TV The design and implementation of HIV/AIDS surveillance system at the nation level in Iran is proposed for a better understanding of the epidemic procedure and spreading behaviors as well as focusing on the at high risk subpopulations and designing a prevention and care system using high quality data