Root-crown ratios of permanent teeth in a sample of egyptian population "panoramic radiographs assessment

A cross sectional sample composed of one hundred panoramic radiographs for 100 healthy Egyptian subjects of both sexes with mean age of 19 +/- 2.3 years, aiming to assess the root-crown ratios of mature permanent teeth and calculating the normal mean values of these ratios and their variations by arch, sex and ethnic group. Two thousand and eight hundred teeth were measured on panoramic radiographs films, the mean root-crown ratios didn't differed significantly between the repeated measurements [p>0.05]. Results of this study showed that there are no significant differences between root-crown ratios of right and left teeth for both males and females groups, there are a high coefficient of correlations of the root-crown ratio for the teeth in the same arch. Finally, the root-crown ratios of upper posterior teeth for males were significantly higher than females. The root-crown ratio could be used as a reference to help in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis

Formulation and evaluation of miconazole nitrate topical preparation

Different miconazole nitrate creams of various formulae were prepared. They were pharmaceutically evaluated by physical parameters such as colour, homogeneity, skin feel, spreadability and acceptability. Besides, pH measurements and rheological studies of freshly prepared formulations as well as those stored for one year were carried out. Selected preparations were subjected as well to particle size measurements using laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer and accelerated stability studies. The effect of different concentrations of monovalent electrolytes, viz., sodium chloride and potassium chloride on the rheological properties of the tried creams was also investigated. Creams of choice were evaluated regarding the in-vitro release of miconazole nitrate by dynamic diffusion method using a dialyzing membrane in a dissolution medium composed of 1:1 aqueous methanol of pH 6.8. Furthermore they were tested microbiologically against some Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeast. The antimicrobial activities of the tested preparations were compared with certain commercial products of miconazole nitrate

Detection of adenoviruses among Egyptian infants and young children suffering from persistent diarrhoea

Adenovirus antigen [ad. Ag] was detected in the stool of 5/36 [13.9%] of cases of persistent diarrhoea and in the stool of 1/10 [10%] of cases of acute diarrhoea. Local anti adenovirus IgA antibodies [ad. lgA] in the stool were detected in 6/36 [16.7%] of cases of persistent diarrhoea and none of cases of acute diarrhoea [p 0.01]. Elevated serum antiadenovirus 1gM antibodies [ad. 1gM] were detected in 11/36 [30.5%] and 1/10 [10] of cases of persistent and acute diarrhoea respectively. other enteric pathogens including enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], salmonella species, shigella, Staph aureus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Candida albicans were found in the stool of persistent and acute diarrhoea without statistical significant difference between the 2 groups except in case of candida albicans which was prevalent in the stool of patients suffering from persistent diarrhoea [P < 0.015]. Mixed infection was detected in 11.1% of cases of persistent diarrhoea only [P 0.01]. Age above one year, non breast feeding, low socioeconomic status and malnutrition appeared as risk factors for persistent diarrhoea

Serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis among primary school children in Alexandria

The present study was carried out on a primary school children of El-Max area, west of Alexandria to assess their serological status to VL using IFAT. The sample composed of 96 pupils [53 males and 43 females] aged 6-11 years. Blood drops were collected on whatman No. 3 filter paper for the serological test [IFAT]. Positive reaction was obtained in 6.2% of the examined pupils. The positivity rate was insignificantly higher among the age group [8-10] years. Sex proved to have no effect on the percentage of positive reactors

Cryptosporidium infection among primary school children in a rural area in Alexandria

The present study was carried out on primary school children of both sexes to determine Cryptosporidium infection among them. A sample of 222 was randomly chosen. Their ages varied between 6 and 11 years. The required information as age, sex, socio-economic and environmental data, were collected through a designed questionnaire sheet. Stool samples were collected and examined, using Sheather's sugar solution and subjected to modified Ziell Neelsen stain. The results obtained revealed that, the prevalence rate of the infection was 13.51% among the examined pupils, with highest peak among the age group [6-8] years. No significant relation was found between sex and infection. There was a significant relation between infection and low socio-economic level. Also a significant relation was obtained between the infection and the presence of pets, livestock and animal's shed inside the house. A significant percentage of the infected pupils, were having a close contact with the soil through playing around the houses and in the field. The results revealed that a significant percentage of the infected children had diarrhoea

Socio-cultural and nutritional risk factors of adolescents and young pregnant women in an endemic area of schistosomiasis

The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the social, cultural, behavioral and environmental factors and their impact on the health and nutrition of young pregnant women and adolescent girls aged between 11 and 22 years, living in a rural area known to be endemic of schistosomiasis. A total sample of 34 pregnant women, 30 adolescent girls and 5 married never-pregnant women were recruited initially. The results revealed that early marriage before legal age still occur in rural areas in Egypt [15%]. The mean age of marriage was 17.5 years [ +/- 1.8] while the mean age at the first conception was 17.9years [ +/- 1.6]. A high rate of illiteracy [72%] which was statistically significant was found among married women than adolescent girls. The daily intake of most nutrients were below the RDA except for protein and vitamin C among pregnant respondents. Iron, calcium and riboflavin were the nutrients most poorly supplied by the diets of pregnant women and adolescent girls. A significant statistical difference was found between the two groups in the intake of iron [z = 3.20,p < 0.05]. About 60% of pregnant women and 80% of adolescent girls reported contact with canal water during household activities and field work. There was a lack of knowledge as regards schistosomiasis among respondents especially pregnant ones.Home deliveries with the assistance of traditional birth attendants is still the first choice by most of the pregnant respondents