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2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(2): 229-235, abr. 2014. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-705817

Résumé

During the influenza pandemic of 2009, the A(H1N1)pdm09, A/H3N2 seasonal and influenza B viruses were observed to be co-circulating with other respiratory viruses. To observe the epidemiological pattern of the influenza virus between May 2009-August 2011, 467 nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children less than five years of age in the city of Salvador. In addition, data on weather conditions were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence, real-time transcription reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing assays were performed for influenza virus detection. Of all 467 samples, 34 (7%) specimens were positive for influenza A and of these, viral characterisation identified Flu A/H3N2 in 25/34 (74%) and A(H1N1)pdm09 in 9/34 (26%). Influenza B accounted for a small proportion (0.8%) and the other respiratory viruses for 27.2% (127/467). No deaths were registered and no pattern of seasonality or expected climatic conditions could be established. These observations are important for predicting the evolution of epidemics and in implementing future anti-pandemic measures.


Sujets)
Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A/isolement et purification , /isolement et purification , Virus influenza B/isolement et purification , Grippe humaine/épidémiologie , Saisons , Temps (météorologie) , Adenoviridae/isolement et purification , Brésil/épidémiologie , Processus climatiques , Co-infection , Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte , Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A/physiologie , /physiologie , Virus influenza B/physiologie , Grippe humaine/virologie , Liquide de lavage nasal/virologie , Pandémies , RT-PCR , Pluie/virologie , Virus respiratoires syncytiaux/isolement et purification , Respirovirus/isolement et purification , Analyse de séquence , Lumière du soleil , Charge virale
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 17(5): 573-578, Sept.-Oct. 2013. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-689883

Résumé

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a pathogen associated with community-acquired infections worldwide. We report the spectrum of community-acquired S. aureus infections and compare the patients infected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains among patients aged <20 years. Overall, 90 cases of community acquired S. aureus were detected in an 11-year period. Clinical and microbiological data were registered. Fifty-nine (66%) patients were male and the median age was two years. The majority (87%) of the patients were hospitalized and chronic underlying illnesses were detected in 27 (30%) cases. Overall, 34 (37.8%) patients had skin/soft tissue infections and 56 (62.2%) patients had deep-seated infection. Four (5.1%) patients were transferred to the intensive care unit and two (2.6%) died. Complications were detected in 17 (18.9%) cases, such as pleural effusion (41.2%), osteomyelitis (23.5%), and sepsis (17.6%). Six (6.7%) methicillin-resistant strains were detected. Patients infected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant strains had similar baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes. Approximately 93% of the cases received systemic antibiotics, out of which 59 (65.5%) used oxacillin or cefalotin. Both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains resulted in morbidity and death among children in this setting where methicillin-resistant strains are infrequent.


Sujets)
Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Mâle , Antibactériens/usage thérapeutique , Infections à staphylocoques/microbiologie , Staphylococcus aureus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Antibactériens/pharmacologie , Brésil/épidémiologie , Études de cohortes , Infections communautaires/traitement médicamenteux , Infections communautaires/épidémiologie , Infections communautaires/microbiologie , Tests de sensibilité microbienne , Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline/isolement et purification , Études rétrospectives , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Infections à staphylocoques/traitement médicamenteux , Infections à staphylocoques/épidémiologie , Staphylococcus aureus/isolement et purification
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(2B): 353-358, Jun. 2003. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-342775

Résumé

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and CSF findings among patients with presumptive neuroschistosomiasis (NS) and to suggest a classification for the CSF diagnosis of presumptive NS. METHOD: The charts of all patients whose CSF exam was performed at the CSF Lab, José Silveira Foundation, Salvador, Brazil, from 1988 to 2002 were reviewed. Those with clinically suspected NS whose indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) and or hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies test (HAI) were positive to S. mansoni were identified. RESULTS: Of 377 patients, 67.9 percent were males; the median age was 36 years (mean 37 + 16 yrs, range 3-82 yrs). The most frequent complaints were paraparesis (59.9 percent), urinary retention (36.2 percent), lower limb pain (22.8 percent). WBC of CSF (count/mm ) was > 4 in 66.0 percent (mean 83 + 124, median 40, range 4.3-1,100), protein (mg/dl) was > 40 in 84.6 percent (mean 185 + 519, median 81, range 41-6,800) and eosinophils were present in 46.9 percent. IFA and HAI were positive in 75.3 percent. WBC > 4 and presence of eosinophils were associated with IFA and HAI positive (67.3 percent versus 51.4 percent, p 0.014; 49.1 percent versus 23.0 percent, p 0.0001, respectively) and protein > 40 was not (85.4 percent versus 77.0 percent, p 0.09). Presence of WBC > 4, protein > 40 and eosinophils was associated with IFA and HAI positive (71.6 percent versus 38.2 percent, p 0.0003) but presence of eosinophils and any other combination of WBC and protein were not. CONCLUSION: NS should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients who had had contact with schistosome-infected water and present with spinal cord compromising. Presence of IFA and HAI positive to S. mansoni, WBC > 4, protein > 40 and presence of eosinophils in the CSF may be considered as a criterium of highly probable presumptive diagnosis


Sujets)
Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Animaux , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Schistosomiase du système nerveux central , Schistosomiase à Schistosoma mansoni , Maladies de la moelle épinière , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Liquide cérébrospinal , Granulocytes éosinophiles , Technique d'immunofluorescence indirecte , Tests d'inhibition de l'hémagglutination , Numération des leucocytes , Schistosomiase du système nerveux central , Valeur prédictive des tests , Schistosomiase à Schistosoma mansoni , Sensibilité et spécificité , Maladies de la moelle épinière
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