Efficacy of intra-alveolar chlorhexidine gel in reducing frequency of alveolar osteitis in mandibular third molar surgery

To determine the efficacy of intra-alveolar administration of chlorhexidine [CHX] gel in reducing the frequency of alveolar osteitis [AO] after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. A randomized control trial study. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to December 2007. One hundred patients including 65 males and 35 females with the age range 18-40 years were divided in two equal groups [50 each in the CHX and the control groups]. Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar was carried out and after surgery CHX gel was placed into the alveolus of CHX group. Patients were followed at the first, second and third postoperative days. A proforma indicating presence or absence of pain, blood clot disintegration, halitosis and AO was filled for each patient. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative data. Chi-square test was applied to compare both subgroups. Eighteen patients [18%] were diagnosed with AO [11 males and 7 females]. Out of these 18 cases, 14 [28%] were found in control group [9 males and 5 females], while 4 cases [8%] in the CHX group [2 males and 2 females]. This was statistically significant p=0.017. Single application of CHX gel was effective in reducing frequency of AO following mandibular third molar surgery

Pattern and presentation of oral white lesions

Oral white lesions are not uncommon and a significant number of patients are asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern and presentation of oral white lesions in patients reporting at oral and maxillofacial surgery department of AFID. World Health Organization [WHO] guidelines for oral mucosal examination were used to record data of 100 patients who presented with oral white lesions. Biopsies were performed in lesions whose definitive diagnosis was deemed difficult purely on the basis of history and clinical examination. The mean age was 38 +/- 13years with 57[57%] males. Forty two [42%] patients were asymptomatic. The most frequent site was buccal mucosa [64%] and more than half of these lesions appeared white [57%] while others were yellowish white [18%], grey white [15%] and with areas of redness within the lesion [10%]. Among habits, smoking was most common. The most common lesion was lichen planus [28%] followed by frictional keratosis [15%] and oral submucous fibrosis [13%]. Other rare lesions were geographic tongue, mucosal burns, candidiasis. As some of these lesions are premalignant, it is imperative for the dental and medical professionals to familiarize with their pattern and presentation to effect early diagnosis and management

Cutaneus manifestations of diabetes in diabetic patient presenting in outdoor

The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of skin manifestations in diabetic patients. Cross sectional study. Outpatient Department of Nishter Hospital Multan during the period from 1-6-2006 to 1-6-2007. One hundred and fifty-one type-2 diabetic patients [106 women and 45 men] attending an outpatient clinic were included in this study. All patients were then asked about any skin problems they might have and subsequently all were examined, regardless of their response. A total of 36 dermatologic disease entities were categorized. Information regarding age, sex, and the presenting disorders was recorded. The overall prevalence of one or more identifiable/apparent skin conditions was 85.4%. The most common skin conditions were infections [31.7%] [mostly mycoses], non-Candidal intertrigo [20.5%], eczemas [15.2%] [mostly neurodermatitis], psoriasis [11.2%], diabetic dermopathy [11.2%], and prurigo [9.9%]. According to sex, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of skin disorders. This study shows that skin cenditions are common in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, frequent dermatologic evaluation of these diabetic patients is warranted

Frequency of hepatitis-C virus infection in patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Nishtar Hospital Multan

To determine the frequency of hepatitis-C virus infection in patients on maintenance haemodialysis in Nishtar Hospital Multan. Simple descriptive cross sectional. Thirty patients of maintenance haemodialysis for atleast six months twice daily haemodialysis were included. From April 2003 to March 2004. Thirty patients out of whom 20 were male and 10 were female. Patients between the age of 16 to 60 were included in the study. All the patients were on haemodialysis for more than six months and were receiving dialysis therapy twice week. Diagnosis of HCV infection was made by detection of HCV antibody with the help of kit. Name of the kit used was ACON hepatitis C Virus Rapid Test Strip [Serum]. This was a qualitative membrane based immunoassay for the detection of antibody to HCV in serum. Frequency of anti HCV among patients of maintenance haemodialysis was found to be 26.7% [8/30]. Role of different risk factors for the transmission of HCV during haemodialysis were quite conclusive. History of blood transfusion and duration of haemodialysis were the main factors in transmission of anti HCV to the patients of maintenance haemodialysis. The Frequency of anti HCV among patients on maintenance haemodialysis was 36.7%

Frequency of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics at Nishtar hospital, Multan

Objectives: to describe frequency of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetics

Study Design: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. 50 indoor and outdoor newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics were screened for microalbuminuria

Study Setting: Medical Unit III of Nishtar Hospital Multan

Materials and Methods: Both males and females with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics were included in the study while Presence of overt proteinuria on routine urine analysis, Patients with evidence of congestive cardiac failure, urinary tract infection, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Pregnant diabetics were excluded from the study. A detailed history was taken from every patient and meticulous clinical examination performed on each of them. Diabetes mellitus was confirmed by fasting and random hyperglycemia. Routine investigations like complete blood examination, complete urine examination serum urea, creatinine, X-ray chest, ECG, were obtained for each patient. Micral test [Boehringer Manhhem] was used for detection of microalbuminuria

Results: Average age of the patients was 45 years. 41 patients were males and 9 were females. 30% of these patients were found to be microalbuminuric. Both fasting blood sugar and random blood sugar levels were impaired in microalbuminurics. 38% of the total patients were smokers and 24% were hypertensives. Ischemic heart disease was found in 14% of patients on ECG where as LVH [Left Ventricular Hypertrophy] was evident in 4% of the patients. Renal parameters and Chest X-rays of all the patients were normal. None of them had CVA [Cerebrovascular Accident]

Conclusion: This study has documented higher frequency rate of microalbuminuria in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in our society. Poor glycemic control and delay in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were factors in the development of early diabetic nephropathy. Screening for early detection of diabetes mellitus is recommended

clinicoepidemiological study of snakebite in Multan

Objective: To know the epidemiological characteristics of snakebite in and around Multan and to highlight various patterns of toxicity in sufferers of snake`s envenomation

Design: Descriptive, observational study

Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Medical Unit-IV, Nishtar Hospital, Multan during the year 2002-2003

Patients and Methods: One hundred victims of snakebite from seven various districts around Multan, who were brought to Nishtar Hospital, Multan, irrespective of age, sex and previous medical therapy were included in this study. All victims of snakebite were examined and investigated to know the various patterns of toxicity

Results: Most of the victims [78%] were found to be sufferers of toxic bite, affected mostly on lower limbs [62%] and during night time [52%] of summer season. Hemotoxic snakes were the most common type of snakes [52%] causing envenomations. 90% patients recovered completely and a death rate of 6% and disability rate of 4% was observed

Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality from snakebite can be reduced by proper health education of the farmers, regarding importance of footwear and potential hazards of snakebite