Comparison of three intraoperative analgesic strategies in laparoscopic bariatric surgery: a retrospective study of immediate postoperative outcomes

Abstract Introduction and objectives Multimodal Analgesia (MMA) has shown promising results in postoperative outcomes across a broad spectrum of surgeries, including bariatric surgery. We compared the analgesic effect immediately after Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery (LBS) of the combined effect of MMA and methadone against two techniques that were based mainly on the use of high-potency medium-acting opioids. Methods Two hundred seventy-one patients were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was postoperative pain score > 3/10 measured by the Verbal Numeric Scale (VNS) during the Postanesthetic Care Unit (PACU) stay. The three protocols of intraoperative analgesia were: (P1) sufentanil at anesthetic induction followed by remifentanil infusion; (P2) sufentanil at induction followed by dexmedetomidine infusion; and (P3) remifentanil at induction followed by MMA including dexmedetomidine, magnesium, lidocaine, and methadone. Only P1 and P2 patients received morphine toward the end of surgery. Poisson regression was used to adjust confounding factors and calculate Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results Postoperative VNS > 3 was recorded in 135 (49.81%) patients, of which 93 (68.89%) were subjected to P1, 25 (18.56%) to P2, and 17 (12.59%) to P3. In the final adjusted model, both anesthetic techniques (P3) (PR = 0.10; 95% CI [0.03-0.28]), and (P2) (PR = 0.42%; 95% CI [0.20-0.90]) were associated with lower occurrence of VNS > 3, whereas age range 20-29 was associated to higher occurrence of VNS > 3 (PR = 3.21; 95% CI [1.22-8.44]) in PACU. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) was distributed as follows: (P1) 20.3%, (P2) 31.25% and (P3) 6.77%; (P3 < P1, P2; p< 0.05). Intraoperative hypotension occurred more often in P3 (39%) compared to P2 (20.31%) and P1 (17.46%) (p< 0.05). Conclusion MMA + methadone was associated with higher incidence of intraoperative hypotension and lower incidence of moderate/severe pain in PACU after LBS.

Liver transplantation and expanded Milan criteria: does it really work? / Transplante de fígado e critérios de Milão expandidos: isto realmente funciona?

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.

CONTEXTO: Em pacientes bem selecionados, o transplante ortotópico de fígado é um excelente tratamento para pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular. Algumas instituições atualmente tendem a expandir os critérios de Milão. São os chamados Critérios de Milão Expandidos, que incluem tumores maiores do que 5 cm e também aqueles associados com múltiplos tumores, não maiores do que 3 cm, a fim de beneficiar o maior número possível de pacientes submetidos ao transplante ortotópico de fígado. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados na base de dados do PubMED. A palavra-chave para procura foi Critérios de Milão expandidos, no período de 2000 a 2009. Foram excluídos 19 trabalhos devido à falta de dados de sobrevida e à recurrência tumoral, não compatíveis com a língua inglesa e fora do assunto em questão. Foram analisadas a sobrevida do paciente e a taxa de recurrência do tumor de 1 a 5 anos de pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático com critérios de Milão expandidos em diferentes centros internacionais. RESULTADOS: Esta revisão agregou 23 trabalhos. Catorze diferentes critérios foram encontrados e descritos em detalhes. No entanto, os critérios da Universidade da Califórnia em São Francisco foram os mais estudados entre todos os analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Os Critérios de Milão Expandidos são úteis para ampliar os protocolos para adesão de doentes na lista de espera para transplante de fígado, não havendo diferença significante na sobrevida do doente e nem na taxa livre de recurrência tumoral quando comparados aos critérios de Milão.