Protective Effects of Danmu Extract Syrup on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice through Endothelial Barrier Repair / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup (DMS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table (n=12), including control (normal saline), LPS (5 mg/kg), LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg, LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg, and LPS+Dexamethasone (DXM, 5 mg/kg) groups. After pretreatment with DMS and DXM, the ALI mice model was induced by LPS, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration, cell counts and inflammatory cytokines. The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of lung tissue was calculated. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 β in BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of Claudin-5, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes. Compared with the LPS group, the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β (P<0.01). Meanwhile, DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5, VE-cadherin and VEGF (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier. It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.

Bone Marrow Adipocytes Promote the Survival of Multiple Myeloma Cells and Up-Regulate Their Chemoresistance / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of adipocytes in the bone marrow microenvironment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) on the pathogenesis of MM.@*METHODS@#Bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) in bone marrow smears of health donors (HD) and newly diagnosed MM (ND-MM) patients were evaluated with oil red O staining. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from HD and ND-MM patients were isolated, and in vitro co-culture assay was used to explore the effects of MM cells on the adipogenic differentiation of MSC and the role of BMA in the survival and drug resistance of MM cells. The expression of adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation-related genes PPAR-γ, DLK1, DGAT1, FABP4, FASN and ALP both in MSC and MSC-derived adipocytes was determined with real-time quantitative PCR. The Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of IL-6, IL-10, SDF-1α, TNF-α and IGF-1 in the supernatant with or without PPAR-γ inhibitor.@*RESULTS@#The results of oil red O staining of bone marrow smears showed that BMA increased significantly in patients of ND-MM compared with the normal control group, and the BMA content was related to the disease status. The content of BMA decreased in the patients with effective chemotherapy. MM cells up-regulated the expression of MSC adipogenic differentiation-related genes PPAR-γ, DLK1, DGAT1, FABP4 and FASN, but the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related gene ALP was significantly down-regulated. This means that the direct consequence of the interaction between MM cells and MSC in the bone marrow microenvironment is to promote the differentiation of MSC into adipocytes at the expense of osteoblasts, and the cytokines detected in supernatant changed. PPAR-γ inhibitor G3335 could partially reverse the release of cytokines by BMA. Those results confirmed that BMA regulated the release of cytokines via PPAR-γ signal, and PPAR-γ inhibitor G3335 could distort PPAR-γ mediated BMA maturation and cytokines release. The increased BMA and related cytokines effectively promoted the proliferation, migration and drug resistance of MM cells.@*CONCLUSION@#The BMA and its associated cytokines are the promoting factors in the survival, proliferation and migration of MM cells. BMA can protect MM cells from drug-induced apoptosis and plays an important role in MM treatment failure and disease progression.

A benzenesulfonic acid-modified organic polymer monolithic column with reversed-phase/hydrophilic bifunctional selectivity for capillary electrochromatography / 药物分析学报

Here,a styrene-based polymer monolithic column poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)with reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(RPLC/HILIC)bifunctional separation mode was success-fully prepared for capillary electrochromatography by the in situ polymerization of sodium p-styrene sulfonate(VBS)with cross-linkers 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate(AHM)and 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine(TAT).The preparation conditions of the monolith were optimized.The morphology and formation of the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The separation perfor-mances of the monolith were evaluated systematically.It should be noted that the incorporation of VBS functional monomer can provide π-π interactions,hydrophilic interactions,and ion-exchange in-teractions.Hence,the prepared poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith can achieve efficient separation of thiourea compounds,benzene series,phenol compounds,aniline compounds and sulfonamides in RPLC or HILIC separation mode.The largest theoretical plate number for N,N'-dimethylthiourea reached 1.7×105 plates/m.In addition,the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolithic column showed excellent reproducibility and stability.This novel monolithic column has great application value and potential in capillary electrochromatography(CEC).

Sex differences in the morphology of the distal humerus in Ming and Qing Dynasties population in North China / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of sex determination by morphology of the distal humerus in North China population. Methods Observing sexually dimorphic differences of olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry, trochlear constriction and angle of medial epicondyle. Each characteristic was divided into three categories: male, unknown and female. The morphological characteristics of the humerus of 70 individuals (35 males and 35 females) from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in North China were counted to compare the occurrence rate of different categories of distal humeral morphology and the accuracy rate of sex determination. Results There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the four traits of the distal humerus between males and females. The accuracy rate of angle of medial epicondyle was the highest at 76%, while the lowest accuracy rate of trochlear constriction was only 52%. The accuracy of the combined four traits was higher than the single ones, with an accuracy rate of 76% (83% for males and 68% for females). Conclusion Distal humerus morphology can be used to determine sex when skulls and pelvis are absent.

Toluene diisocyanate induces liver injury and affects HO-1 expression in rats / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of subchronic inhalation of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) on the pathological changes, oxidative stress damage, and HO-1 expression levels in rat liver tissues. Methods Forty healthy 3-week-old SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group, and high-dose group), each with 10 rats. The rats were placed in a HOPE-MED 8050A movable poison cabinet in a cage. TDI was administered to animals by inhalation at doses of 0, 3.06 mg/m3, 12.25 mg/m3, and 49.00 mg/m3, respectively, for 6 hours a day and 5 days a week, and continuously for 13 weeks. The control group was exposed to fresh air. The effect of TDI on pathological changes, oxidative stress damage and HO-1 expression in rat liver tissues was examined. Results Compared with the control group, the rats in the medium and high-dose TDI-exposed groups exhibited vacuolar changes, hepatocyte swelling, steatosis and other pathological changes. With the increase of the TDI dose, the gap between hepatocytes was widened, mitochondria were swollen and vacuolated, and mitochondrial cristae disappeared. The expression levels of HO-1 gene and protein in the liver tissues of the low, medium, and high dose groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of HO-1 positive cells in the low, medium and high dose groups increased and the staining increased gradually, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TDI exposure can cause oxidative damage to rat liver tissues and induce the expression levels of HO-1 gene and protein expression.

The influence of subjective comfort of working environment on occupational stress of railway station workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the influential factors of job stress suffered by workers in railway stations, the level of job stress of were measured and subjective comfort of employees targeting to working environment were reported. Methods: In March 2019, a cluster sampling study was designed to collect the personal characteristics, job characteristics and subjective comfort degree of working environment of 432 employees in Chongqing railway stations. Meanwhile, job stress was assessed using the effort-reward imbalance scale. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of occupational stress detection rate among different stratified factors such as occupational characteristics. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influential factors of occupational stress. Results: The detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations was 31.02% (134/432) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among the divorced workers in railway stations, those earning less than 5, 000 yuan per month, those with 10-20 years' length of service, those who worked as a conductor and other workers including baggageman, station master on duty and assistant engineer (χ(2)=9.61, 14.76, 23.28, 11.06, P=0.008, 0.002, 0.000, 0.011) . The detection rate of job stress was higher among those whose working environment subjective feelings were uncomfortable, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) . The results showed that the occupational stress of the staff in the railway stations was influenced by their subjective feeling of air quality, noise and Space Layout (P<0.05) . The risk factors of occupational stress were air quality, noise and uncomfortable space layout (OR=0.571, 0.068, 0.441, P=0.051, 0.054, 0.007) . Conductor, other (Bellboy, Duty Station Master, assistant engineer) were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=1.884, 2.703, P=0.065, 0.019) . The employees of station A and station B were the risk factors of occupational stress (OR=4.681, 1.811, P=0.002, 0.067) . Conclusion: The higher detection rate of job stress of workers in the railway stations is correlated with the subjective comfort degree of the working environment of the workers.

Consensus of experts on the oral health management and medical risk prevention for the patients with chronic airway diseases (2022 edition) / 中华口腔医学杂志

Today, there is greater awareness on the association between oral diseases and respiration diseases after the outbreak of COVID-19. However, confusion regarding the oral health management and medical risk prevention for patients with chronic airway diseases has been remained among dental clinicians. Therefore, the dental experts of the Fifth General Dentistry Special Committee, Chinese Stomatological Association, combined with the experts of respiratory and critical care medicine, undertook the formation of consensus on the oral health management of patients with chronic airway diseases in order to help dental clinicians to evaluate medical risks and make better treatment decision in clinical practice. In the present consensus report, the relationship of oral diseases and chronic airway diseases, the oral health management and the treatment recommendations of patients with chronic airway diseases are provided.

Sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in Beijing area / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the sensitization characteristics of Juniperus chinensis pollen in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing area, and to explore the characteristics of Juniper chinensis pollen sensitized population. Methods: Patients with suspected allergic rhinitis and/or asthma from January 2017 to December 2019 in the outpatient department of Allergy Department of Beijing Shijitan Hospital were selected in this study. Skin prick test (SPT) was performed with Juniper chinensis pollen allergen reagent to compare different age and disease allergen distribution, and to observe the sensitization characteristics of its population. All of the analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.4. Results: A total of 8 380 patients were enrolled in the end. The total positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT reached 49.92% (4 183/8 380). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen SPT was highest in the 10-14 age group, reaching 60.99% (283/464). Compared with other age groups, there was a statistical difference (χ²=266.77, P<0.01). The SPT positive rate of patients aged less than 10 years increased with the increase of age, while the SPT positive rate of patients aged over 40 years decreased with the increase of age. Single Juniper chinensis pollen was less allergenic, accounting for about 25.05% (1 048/4 183), and the patients' age was (35.21±12.39) years. Regardless of single Juniper chinensis pollen or other pollen allergies, allergic rhinitis was the main disease. Among the patients with SPT positive Juniper chinensis pollen combined with other inhaled pollen allergens, willow pollen accounted for the first (74.99%). The positive rate of Juniper chinensis pollen was the highest in patients with single allergic rhinitis, accounting for 52.05% (3 797/7 295), and the rate in patients with single allergic asthma was the lowest, accounting for 17.49% (53/303), with statistically difference (χ²=138.99, P<0.01). Conclusions: Juniper chinensis pollen is highly sensitized in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma in Beijing . The positive rate of SPT is highest among 10-14 age group, most of which showed strong positive reaction, and allergic rhinitis is more common in Juniper chinensis pollen sensitization diseases.

Impact of interventional therapy on top of standard drug therapy on left ventricular structure and function in HFrEF patients complicating with middle aortic syndrome caused by Takayasu arteritis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the impact of interventional therapy on top of drug therapy on cardiac function and structure in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients complicating with middle aortic syndrome caused by Takayasu arteritis (TA-MAS). Methods: It was a retrospective longitudinal study. The data of patients with TA-MAS and HFrEF, who received interventional therapy on top of drug therapy in Fuwai Hospital from January 2010 to September 2020, were collected and analyzed. Baseline clinical data (including demographic data, basic treatment, etc.) were collected through the electronic medical record system. Changes of indexes such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) before and after therapy were analyzed. Results: A total of 10 patients were collected. There were 8 females in this patient cohort, age was (18.4±5.0) years and onset age was (15.3±5.0) years. All 10 patients received standard heart failure medication therapy in addition to hormone and/or immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory therapy, but cardiac function was not improved, so aortic balloon dilatation and/or aortic stenting were performed in these patients. The median follow-up was 3.3(1.3, 5.6) years. On the third day after interventional therapy, the clinical symptoms of the 10 patients were significantly improved, NYHA classfication was restored from preoperative Ⅲ/Ⅳ to Ⅱ at 6 months post intervention(P<0.05). Compared with preoperation, NT-proBNP (P=0.028), LVEDD (P=0.011) and LVMI (P=0.019) were significantly decreased, LVEF was significantly increased (P<0.001) at 6 months after operation. Compared with preoperation, NT-proBNP (P=0.016), LVEDD (P=0.023) and LVMI (P=0.043) remained decreased, LVEF remained increased (P<0.001) at 1 year after operation. Conclusion: Results from short and medium term follow-up show that interventional therapy on top of heart failure drug therpay can effectively improve left cardiac function and attenuate cardiac remodeling in patients with TA-MAS comorbid with HFrEF.

Progress on allergen immunotherapy during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods / 中华围产医学杂志

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), also known as allergen vaccine desensitization, is currently the only treatment that can change the natural course of allergic diseases. AIT for pregnant women is a protective factor for neonatal allergies. Existing findings suggest that AIT should not be started during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, or lactation periods, but can be continued if has already been started before; unexpected pregnancy during AIT does not require termination; AIT shows no obvious adverse effects on fetuses, infants, and young children. The latest evidence on the effectiveness and safety of AIT during pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation periods were reviewed.

Benefits and risks of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent in patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT>1 year) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes who were event-free at 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) in a large and contemporary PCI registry. Methods: A total of 1 661 eligible patients were selected from the Fuwai PCI Registry, of which 1 193 received DAPT>1 year and 468 received DAPT ≤1 year. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding, MACCE was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Cox regression analysis were performed. Results: After a median follow-up of 2.5 years, patients who received DAPT>1 year were associated with lower risks of MACCE (1.4% vs. 3.2%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.412, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.205-0.827) compared with DAPT ≤1 year, which was primarily caused by the lower all-cause mortality (0.1% vs. 2.6%; HR 0.031, 95%CI 0.004-0.236). Risks of cardiac death (0.1% vs. 1.5%; HR 0.051, 95%CI 0.006-0.416) and definite/probable ST (0.3% vs. 1.1%; HR 0.218, 95%CI 0.052-0.917) were also lower in patients received DAPT>1 year than those received DAPT ≤ 1 year. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding (5.3% vs. 4.1%; HR 1.088, 95%CI 0.650-1.821). Conclusions: In patients with stable CAD and diabetes who were event-free at 1 year after PCI with DES, prolonged DAPT (>1 year) provides a substantial reduction in ischemic cardiovascular events, including MACCE, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and definite/probable ST, without increasing the clinically relevant bleeding risk compared with ≤ 1-year DAPT. Further well-designed, large-scale randomized trials are needed to verify the beneficial effect of prolonged DAPT in this population.

Minimally invasive treatment of clavicular midshaft fracture with bridge-combined internal fixation system / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of minimally invasive treatment of clavicular midshaft fracture with bridge-combined internal fixation system.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 54 patients with clavicular midshaft fracture who had been admitted to Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Dali University from September 2016 to January 2018.They were assigned into 2 groups according to different treatment methods. In the observation group of 27 patients who were subjected to minimally invasive treatment with bridge-combined internal fixation system, there were 14 males and 13 females with an age of (41.8±14.8) years, and 10 cases of type 6-A1 and 17cases of type 6-C1 by the AO classification.In the control group of 27 patients who were subjected to traditional open reduction and internal plate fixation, there were 15 males and 12 females with an age of (39.6±14.1) years, and 11 cases of type 6-A1 and 16 cases of type 6-C1 by the AO classification.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, shoulder functional recovery and incidence of postoperative complications.Results:There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in their preoperative general data, showing comparability ( P>0.05). The 54 patients were followed up for an average of 13 months (from 9 to 25 months).The observation group had an incision length of (4.34±0.65)cm, significantly shorter than that [(10.64±2.14) cm] in the control group, an intraoperative blood loss of (20.9±6.2)mL, significantly less than that [(40.7±13.5) mL] in the control group, and a fracture healing time of (4.5±0.9) months, significantly shorter than that [(5.7±1.0) months] in the control group (all P<0.05). According to the Neer scoring for shoulder function at the last follow-up, the observation group had 22 excellent, 4 good and one fair cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 96.3% (26/27) while the control group had 21 excellent, 4 good, one fair and one poor cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 92.6% (25/27). There was no significant difference in operation time or functional results between the 2 groups ( P>0.05).One case of nonunion and plate breakage was observed in the control group. Conclusion:In the treatment of clavicular midshaft fracture, compared with traditional open reduction and plate fixation, the bridge-combined internal fixation system may lead to less surgical trauma, a smaller incision and faster fracture healing.

Effect of the Connexin 43 Coupling to the Biobehavior of Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) combined by connexin43 (Cx43) and its signal to the biobehavior of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cells were isolated and cultured from patients with MM and normal donors. The expression of connexin43 (Cx43) in MSC cells from different sources was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The side population (SP) cells were sorted by flow cytometry (FCM). The effect of MSC cells from different sources to the cell cycle, Cx43 expression, colony formation in vitro, stem cell related genes expression, cytokines secretion and chemoresistance in MM SP cells as well as with or without Cx43 inhibitor 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA) was observed.@*RESULTS@#There was no significantly difference between the MSC isolated from normal donor and MM patients. Western blot showed that Cx43 expression in SP cells was up-regulated when the cells were incubated with MSC, and medium containing 18α-GA could partially inhibit it, moreover, it was more significant in MSC cells of MM patients. The ability of colony formation of SP cells in vitro was higher than those of MM cells and MM-MSC could promote the colony formation in a co-culture manner. The effect of MM-MSC to SP cells was down-regulated after 18α-GA was added. RT-PCR showed that there was several important stem cell-related genes including c-myc, Oct-4 Klf-4, and Sox-2 were found in RPMI 8226 cells, but those cells were up-regulated in SP cells (P0.05). Cytometry bead array assays showed that MM-MSCs could secrete high level of IL-6, but the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β increased significantly when the MM-MSCs were co-cultured with SP cells (P<0.05), especially the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher than cultured alone. There was no significant change in the levels of bFGF and IL-17 before and after co-cultured. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in supernatant decreased significantly after GJ inhibitor 18α-GA was added. PI/Annexin V assay showed that MM cells were sensitive to bortezomib (BTZ)-induced apoptosis, but the sensitivity for SP cells was weaker. The ratio of cell apoptosis was 75.2%±0.77% and 8.12%±0.86% (P<0.001), respectively. MM-MSC could down-regulate the cell apoptosis induced by BTZ, while the sensitivity of MM cells to BTZ could be partially recovered after GJ inhibitor was added.@*CONCLUSION@#MSC derived from MM patients can enhance GJIC to maintain its "hematopoiesis" by up-regulating the expression of Cx43 in MM cells, and at the same time promote cell proliferation and drug recistance by secreting multiple cytokines, which finally contributes to the relapse of MM.

New cases are they incident or newly discovered / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#New case is a basic concept in epidemiology and often serves as the numerator for the indexes of the frequency of disease in a population． However，the exact definition of new case is still un- clear． Based on the natural history of disease combined with the concept of event-state，this article rede- fines case-related concepts and compares them with traditional concepts． The study found that the so- called new cases in traditional epidemiological studies are actually the cases firstly discovered，including newly discovered cases and identifiable newly incident cases ( disease initiation) ． In the real world，new cases are often difficult to measure，and together with the continuous process of disease development and iceberg phenomenon，those may affect the accuracy of disease frequency measurement and causal infer- ence． A correct understanding of the meaning of case-related concepts，the meanings they reflect，and the differences between them help to rationally interpret the results of epidemiological research．

Correlation between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and cystatin C in degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease and its clinical application value / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective@#To investigate the correlation between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cystatin C (CysC) in degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease and its clinical application value.@*Methods@#One hundred and eighty patients with degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease who were treated in Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected as the study subjects, and another 82 healthy subjects from the same hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. Serum ADMA and CysC levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Risk factors of degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of serum ADMA and CysC for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease was used by receiver operating characteristic curve.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in the general data between the two groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, drinking history, smoking history, and history of hypertension (P>0.05). The systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterin(LDL-C), CysC and ADMA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(131.51 ± 19.09) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (126.48 ± 16.68) mmHg, (91.11 ± 16.35) mmHg vs. (86.89 ± 10.71) mmHg, (74.39 ± 15.22) beats/min vs. (70.09 ± 13.01) beats/min, (4.51 ± 1.12) mmol/L vs. (4.15 ± 0.92) mmol/L, (1.91 ± 0.63) mmol/L vs. (1.60 ± 0.65) mmol/L, (2.59 ± 1.13) mmol/L vs. (2.27 ± 0.85) mmol/L, (1.01 ± 0.22) mg/L vs. (0.79 ± 0.16) mg/L, (20.17 ± 6.38) ng/L vs. (11.88 ± 4.22) ng/L], and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower than those of the control group [(56.45 ± 9.21)%vs. (60.87 ± 10.02)%, (1.56 ± 0.63) mmol/L vs. (1.76 ± 0.62) mmol/L], there were significant differences (P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that serum CysC and ADMA were independent risk factors for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease (P<0.05). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that area under curve (AUC) of serum CysC for degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.785, with a sensitivity of 71.67%, and a specificity of 73.17%. The AUC of serum ADMA for degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.862, with a sensitivity of 71.67%, and a specificity of 87.80%. The AUC of serum CysC combined with ADMA in the diagnosis of degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.910, with a sensitivity of 85.56%, and a specificity of 84.15%, which was significantly higher than the two alone (Z=4.897 and 3.335, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Serum ADMA is positively correlated with CysC in patients with degenerative valvular heart disease, and can be used as diagnostic serum markers for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease. It has clinical reference value for improving the diagnosis of degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease.

Advances in research of application of low-temperature plasma in microbiology / 上海预防医学

Low-temperature plasma has special physicochemical properties that can cause inactivation and mutation of microorganisms through complex biochemical processes.This article reviews the application of low-temperature plasma in microbiology, including sterilization, screening of bacterial strains, and antibacterial treatment.It also discussed the current research status and existing problems to provide ideas for promoting the development of interdisciplinary collaboration in low-temperature plasma reserch.

Diagnosis and treatment of enterovesical fistula / 国际外科学杂志

Enterovesical fistula is gradually attracting the attention of doctors at home and abroad, its diagnosis and treatment technologies have also made great progress in recent years. The major etiologies of enterovesical fistula are intestinal diverticulitis, malignancy and Crohn′s disease. Common clinical symptoms of enterovesical fistula are pneumaturia, fecaluria and recurrent urinary tract infections. There are also some other accompanying symptoms such as gross hematuria, smelly urine, abdominal pain, etc. CT and cystoscope are the most two significant auxiliary examinations. The general treatment of enterovesical fistula is surgery. However, when it comes to enterovesical fistula caused by Crohn′s disease, drug therapy should be considered at first in most cases. By reviewing the recent published literature, this article will briefly review the progress of diagnosis and treatment of enterovesical fistula.

Bioinformatics analysis of miRNAs in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To analyze the expression profile of plasma microRNA (miRNA) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by bioinformatics method, and explore its pathogenesis at the level of genetic regulation. Methods: Five MCI patients due to AD and five control participants were recruited. The plasma miRNA expression profiles were analyzed by miRNA microarray sequencing. Target genes of significantly up-regulated miRNAs were detected by TargetScan 7.2 database. The miRNA-gene interaction network of significantly up-regulated miRNAs was established by Cytoscape software, and the key miRNAs of the network were analyzed. The target genes of key miRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using R packages. Results: There are 13 up-regulated miRNAs in the plasma of MCI patients due to AD, and 5 of them were key miRNAs in miRNA-gene interaction network. Target genes of these miRNAs were mainly involved in biological process such as synaptic plasticity reg-ulation, Wnt signaling pathway, synaptic vesicle transport and synaptic vesicle localization, as well as Ras signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Conclusion: Five up-regulated miRNAs in plasma of MCI due to AD may be the main regulators involved in the pathological mechanism of AD, which can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of MCI due to AD.

Correlation between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and cystatin C in degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease and its clinical application value / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cystatin C (CysC) in degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease and its clinical application value.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease who were treated in Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected as the study subjects,and another 82 healthy subjects from the same hospital in the same period were selected as the control group.Serum ADMA and CysC levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay.Risk factors of degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.Evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of serum ADMA and CysC for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease was used by receiver operating characteristic curve.Results There were no significant differences in the general data between the two groups in terms of age,gender,body mass index,drinking history,smoking history,and history of hypertension (P＞ 0.05).The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate (HR),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterin(LDL-C),CysC and ADMA levels of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group [(131.51 ± 19.09) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs.(126.48 ± 16.68) mmHg,(91.11 ± 16.35) mmHg vs.(86.89 ± 10.71) mmHg,(74.39 ± 15.22) beats/min vs.(70.09 ± 13.01)beats/min,(4.51 ± 1.12) mmol/L vs.(4.15 ± 0.92) mmol/L,(1.91 ± 0.63) mmol/L vs.(1.60 ± 0.65) mmol/L,(2.59 ± 1.13) mmol/L vs.(2.27 ± 0.85) mmol/L,(1.01 ± 0.22) mg/L vs.(0.79 ± 0.16) mg/L,(20.17 ± 6.38)ng/L vs.(11.88 ± 4.22) ng/L],and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower than those of the control group [(56.45 ± 9.21)％vs.(60.87 ± 10.02)％,(1.56 ± 0.63) mmol/L vs.(1.76 ± 0.62) mmol/L],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that serum CysC and ADMA were independent risk factors for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease (P ＜ 0.05).Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that area under curve (AUC) of serum CysC for degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.785,with a sensitivity of 71.67％,and a specificity of 73.17％.The AUC of serum ADMA for degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.862,with a sensitivity of 71.67％,and a specificity of 87.80％.The AUC of serum CysC combined with ADMA in the diagnosis of degenerative valvular heart disease was 0.910,with a sensitivity of 85.56％,and a specificity of 84.15％,which was significantly higher than the two alone (Z =4.897 and 3.335,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Serum ADMA is positively correlated with CysC in patients with degenerative valvular heart disease,and can be used as diagnostic serum markers for degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease.It has clinical reference value for improving the diagnosis of degenerative calcific aortic valvular disease.

Review of generic preference-based scales for health-related quality of life at the universal scale / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To conduct an ample review of the existing generic preference-based measures for health-related quality of life around the globe. Methods: Databases including PubMed，Embase，CNKI and WanFang Data, literature retrieval and information extraction were carried out on relevant studies of the universal health utility scale published until April 2020 worldwide，and all the existing generic health utility measures were identified. The original development articles included in the measures were further searched to extract the basic information of the measures，the conduction process，and the structure of the health state descriptive system. All of the dimensions included in the measures were summarized and analyzed from three aspects of physical (physiological)，mental (psychological)，and societal，respectively. Results: Through searching and screening，a total of 36 articles (both in Chinese and English literatures) were obtained, among which 18 generic preference-based measures were identified and 30 original search and development articles of these 18 measures were extracted. The number of dimensions of these 18 measures varied between the range of 3~15，the number of levels under each dimension ranged between 2 and 7，and the total number of health states that could be described by these measures amounted between 64 and 2.37 × 1023.The dimensions describing the physiological aspect in health were involved by all of 18 measures，while the dimensions describing psychological health and societal aspects in health were involved by only 16 and 10 measures，respectively. The physiological，psychological and societal dimensions included 10，4, and 5 specific categories，respectively. Two ways of conducting the health state descriptive system were identified, which were mainly based on the existing data and materials，and through the construction of the items pool combined with psychometric methods to determine the included dimensions of the measures. Conclusion :In recent years，more emphasis on the measurement of mental and societal health on the basis of physiological aspect was included in the newly developed measures，and the construction process of the health state descriptive system is becoming more and more standardized.