Multiple Ossified Costal Cartilages for 1st Rib.

Costal cartilages are flattened bars of hyaline cartilages. All ribs except the last two, join with the sternum through their respective costal cartilages directly or indirectly. During dissection for 1st MBBS students in the Department of Anatomy, JJMMC, Davangere, variation was found in amale cadaver aged 45 –50 years.Multiple ossified costal cartilages for 1st rib were present on left side. There were 3 costal cartilages connecting 1st rib to manubrium. There were two small intercostal spaces between them. The lower two small costal cartilages fused together to form a common segmentwhich in turn fusedwith large upper costal cartilage. The large upper costal cartilage forms costochondral joint with 1st rib. All costal cartilages showed features of calcification. The present variation of multiple ossified costal cartilages are due to bifurcation of costal cartilage. It may cause musculoskeletal pain, intercostal nerve entrapment or vascular compression. Awareness of these anomalies are important for radiologists for diagnostic purpose and for surgeons for performing various clinical and surgical procedures.

Left Common Carotid Artery Arising From Brachiocephalic Trunk.

Arch of aorta branches into three – the Brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. The variations in the branching pattern of arch of aorta are usually incidental findings during surgeries and imaging studies and are important in aortic instrumentaion and head and neck surgeries. In the present case report the left common carotid artery originating from the brachiocephalic trunk and its significance is discussed.