Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of halogenated sesquiterpenes from natural sources / 中国中药杂志

Halogenated sesquiterpenes are important derivatives of sesquiterpenes, referring to chemical components of sesquiterpenes that contain halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Halogenated sesquiterpenes have attracted attention from researchers in China and abroad because of their diverse structures, unique halogen elements, and extensive pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that halogenated sesquiterpenes exhibit significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, hypoglycemic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. In order to better explore the potential pharmaceutical value of halogenated sesquiterpenes, this paper reviewed the structural characteristics and pharmacological activities of halogenated sesquiterpenes in the past two decades, aiming to provide references for further research and development of this class of compounds.

A case of mental retardation caused by a frameshift variant of SYNGAP1 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a child with mental retardation.@*METHODS@#Whole exome sequencing was carried out for the child. Candidate variant was screened based on his clinical features and verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The child was found to harbor a c.995_1002delAGACAAAA(p.Asp332AlafsTer84) frameshift variant in the SYNGAP1 gene. Bioinformatic analysis suggested it to be pathogenic. The same variant was not detected in either parent.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.995_1002delAGACAAAA(p.Asp332AlafsTer84) frameshift variant of the SYNGAP1 gene probably underlay the mental retardation in this child. Above finding has expanded the spectrum of SYNGAP1 gene variants and provided a basis for the diagnosis and treatment for this child.

Analysis of articles and citation indexes in Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of articles, authors and citation indexes in Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science(CJBMBS), so as to provide basis and guidance for further academic quality and editing and proofreading quality improving, and striving to build high-quality scientific and technological journal.Methods:Chinese Medical Journal Network and Wanfang database were used to obtain the information of articles published from 2009 to 2021.The citation indexes of the CJBMBS and the discipline journals of " neurology and psychiatry" were obtained from the natural science volume of the Citation Report (Core Edition) of Chinese Scientific and Technological Journals from 2002 to 2021.All data were analyzed by Excel 2010.Results:The CJBMBS published 187-314 articles per year from 2015 to 2021, and the annual number of articles decreased year by year.The average number of pages per article was 3.66-6.13 pages/article, showing an increasing trend year by year.Since 2015, the CJBMBS set up 3-7 key topics every year, and published 6.4%-16.2% articles of the annual.From 2009 to 2020, the average citation volume of magazine articles was 12.8-27.9, showing an increasing trend year by year.The average number of authors per article was basically stable at 4-6.From 2001 to 2020, the core impact factor of the CJBMBS was 0.188-1.327, with a wave like change and an overall upward trend.The total frequency of core citations was 155-2 836, with a rapid increase from 2001 to 2009, a stable at 2 500 from 2007 to 2017, and a downward trend after 2014.Compared with average level of the core journals of the discipline " neurology and psychiatry" , the core impact factor and the core total citation frequency of the CJBMBS from 2009 to 2020 were both significantly higher.From 2009 to 2020, the fund paper ratio of CJBMBS was 0.42-0.84, showing an upward trend.Conclusion:The citation indexes of CJBMBS are in the forefront of the discipline in recent years.In the future, we should pay more attention to the academic quality of papers and further expand the influence of the journal.

Pragmatic innovation and focus on the construction of outstanding journal / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

In the past 30 years since its inception, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science has been constantly pragmatic and innovative, and adhered to the implementation of a series of strong journal plans.The editors taken the construction of high-quality scientific and technological journals as an opportunity, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science focuses on improving the core competitiveness of journals, expanding the international influence of journals, strengthening the digital construction of journals and improving editor ability to create high-quality scientific and technological journals.It has achieved fruitful results.In the future, the Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science will continue to adhere to the principle of " academic first, quality first" , grasp the implementation of the " China Brain Plan" and " Healthy China Action" , adhere to integrity and innovation, continue to create a brand of journals with higher academic influence, and further drive the development of disciplines.

Advances in the optimization of the linker in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) / 药学学报

With high selectivity and potency, target protein degradation technology has recently emerged as a strategy for drug discovery and design. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) function as inducers for the degradation of target proteins and are a research focus in drug development. Current research on PROTAC mainly revolves around the rational design of PROTAC molecules, the discovery of new E3 ubiquitin ligase ligands and improvement in drug targeting. In this review, we focus on the PROTAC linker and its effects on the generation of the E3 enzyme-PROTAC-target protein ternary complex from three standpoints: length, binding site and chemical properties. We discuss the influences of the linker on the efficacy and the selectivity of PROTAC molecules.

Characteristics analysis of papers on Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science based on F5000 / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of papers on Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science based on F5000, so as to provide reference for topic selection planning, soliciting contributions, soliciting contributions and mining high-quality manuscript sources.Methods:The papers selected from Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science from 2012 to 2019 were selected as the research objects.The paper magazine published by Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science and Wanfang database were used as information sources.The selected year, publication year, fund distribution, high publishing provinces and institutions, and cited frequency were statistically analyzed.Results:From 2012 to 2019, F5000 collected 79 papers in Chinese Journal of behavioral medicine and brain science, which published in 2007-2018.The percentage of fund papers was 82.27%, the percentage of national fund papers was 37.97%, and the average number of fund projects was 1.58.The high produced institutions were concentrated in Jiangsu, Shandong, Chongqing, Shanxi and Beijing.The ratio of cooperation in institutions was 53.2%.The ratio of cooperation in authors was 96.20%.The number of citations was 1 253 , and the average number of citations per article was 15.86.The total citation frequency was 2 404, and the average citation frequency per article was 30.43.Seventy-one articles were included to analyse the key words.The total number of key words was 293, and the average number of keywords per article was 4.13.It mainly focused on emotional disorders, cognitive function, psychological assessment, brain function and structure.Conclusions:Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science is relatively stable in terms of fund paper ratio, ratio of cooperation in authors and core author team.It is necessary to further tap the core authors, promote multi-disciplinary and field cooperation, strive for excellent author resources and manuscript resources, so as to improve the core competitiveness of the magazine.

Enhancing thermostability of xylanase from rumen microbiota by molecular cyclization / 生物工程学报

The capacity for thermal tolerance is critical for industrial enzyme. In the past decade, great efforts have been made to endow wild-type enzymes with higher catalytic activity or thermostability using gene engineering and protein engineering strategies. In this study, a recently developed SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, mediated by isopeptide bond-ligation, was used to modify a rumen microbiota-derived xylanase XYN11-6 as cyclized and stable enzyme C-XYN11-6. After incubation at 60, 70 or 80 ℃ for 10 min, the residual activities of C-XYN11-6 were 81.53%, 73.98% or 64.41%, which were 1.48, 2.92 or 3.98-fold of linear enzyme L-XYN11-6, respectively. After exposure to 60-90°C for 10 min, the C-XYN11-6 remained as soluble in suspension, while L-XYN11-6 showed severely aggregation. Intrinsic and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS)-binding fluorescence analysis revealed that C-XYN11-6 was more capable of maintaining its conformation during heat challenge, compared with L-XYN11-6. Interestingly, molecular cyclization also conferred C-XYN11-6 with improved resilience to 0.1-50 mmol/L Ca²⁺ or 0.1 mmol/L Cu²⁺ treatment. In summary, we generated a thermal- and ion-stable cyclized enzyme using SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, which will be of particular interest in engineering of enzymes for industrial application.

Clinical observation on muscle regions of meridians needling method in improving upper limb function for children with cerebral palsy of spastic hemiplegia type / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the improving effect of muscle regions of meridians needling method on the upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy of spastic hemiplegic type. Methods: A total of 100 children with cerebral palsy of spastic hemiplegia type were divided into a treatment group and a control group according to the visiting sequence, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional rehabilitation plus conventional acupuncture treatment. The treatment group was treated with conventional rehabilitation plus muscle regions of meridians needling method. The electromyography (EMG) signal values of triceps brachii and pronator teres were detected before treatment, and 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by Peabody developmental motor scale-fine motor (PDMS-FM) and fine motor function measure (FMFM). Results: Three and six months after treatment, the EMG signal values of triceps brachii and pronator teres, grasping scores and visual-motor integrated scores of PDMS-FM and the FMFM scores in both groups increased to varying degrees compared with the same group before treatment, and the intra-group differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Six months after treatment, the results of the above three items in the treatment group were all better than those in the control group, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Muscle regions of meridians needling method added on the basis of conventional rehabilitation can effectively reduce the muscle tone of upper limb and enhance the muscle strength, and improve the upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy of spastic hemiplegia type. The efficacy is superior to that of the conventional rehabilitation plus conventional acupuncture treatment.

Effect of acupoint catgut embedding therapy on joint attention and social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect on the joint attention and social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between the combined treatment of acupoint catgut embedding therapy with rehabilitation training and the simple application of rehabilitation training.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 children with ASD were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, the routine ASD rehabilitation training was adopted, including conductive education, speech training and music therapy, once a day. In the observation group, on the base of the treatment as the control group, the catgut embedding therapy was applied to Shenting (GV 24), Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7) and the optic area (the point of scalp acupuncture), once a week. In the two groups, the treatment for 4 weeks was as one course, at the interval of 1 week between the courses. A total of 3 courses of treatment were required. The social domain of the autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) and the autism behavior checklist (ABC) were adopted to assess the therapeutic effect of the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of each item of the social domain in ATEC and the scores of ABC (feeling, communication, physical movement, language and healthy behavior) were all lower than those before treatment in the two groups (<0.01). The scores of each item in the observation group were lower than those in the control group after treatment (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The combined treatment of acupoint catgut embedding therapy with the rehabilitation training effectively improves in the joint attention and social communication. The therapeutic effect of this combined treatment is better than the simple application of rehabilitation training.

Analysis on citation index of Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the trend of citation index of Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Sciences(CJBMBS) from 2011 to 2018, and compare to the average level of Chinese Medical Association(CMA) series journals, so as to provide basis for improving academic quality and journal influence.@*Methods@#Trend analysis on citation index of CJBMBS from 2011 to 2018 and comparison with the average level of Chinese Medical Association series journals were conducted by Microsoft Excel 2010.@*Results@#From 2011 to 2018, the core impact factor(0.849-1.151) and ratio of foundation-supported papers(0.550-0.810) of CJBMBS showed an upward trend, while the core total citation(1 783-2 836) showed a downward trend.The core total citation, core impact factor and ratio of foundation-supported papers of CJBMBS were higher than the average level of CMA series journals(1 355-1 699, 0.497-0.890, 0.335-0.460), but the core other-citation rate was lower than the average level of CMA series journals (0.81-0.85).@*Conclusion@#The CJBMBS is at a high level among the core journals of Chinese science and technology, and more attention should be paid to the problem of high self-citation rate.

Research Progress in Mechanism of Functional Dyspepsia by Acupuncture / 中国中医药信息杂志

Acupuncture is effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia, and its mechanism may be related to abnormal gastric motility, central nervous system dysfunction, brain intestinal peptide secretion disorder, plasma molecular metabolite content changes and abnormal gene expression. This article summarized the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for functional dyspepsia in recent years from the aspects of electrophysiology, imaging, molecular biology, metabolism and genomics, and provided basis for clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia.

Chronic brain disease and cognitive impairment:research progress and expert argument / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Cerebrovascular disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and other chronic encephalopathy has become a worldwide public health problem.Cognitive impairment,including mild cognitive impairment to dementia,is closely related to chronic encephalopathy,especially cerebrovascular diseases.Early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment of cognitive impairment has become the focus of the research,in order to reduce the development of dementia,improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of disease.This article elaborates the research progress of cognitive impairment from the aspects of pathological mechanisms,risk factors,clinical diagnosis and strategy prevention and control,and the arguments of domestic experts.

Nicorandil improves cognitive dysfunction in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of potassium channel opener nicorandil against cognitive dysfunction in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C57BL/6J mouse models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) were established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ and received daily treatment with intragastric administration of nicorandil or saline (model group) for 4 consecutive weeks, with normal C57BL/6J mice serving as control. Fasting blood glucose level was recorded every week and Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cognitive behavior of the mice in the 4th week. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed to observe the ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus and pancreas under transmission electron microscopy; the contents of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the hippocampus and SOD activity and MDA level in the brain tissue were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased fasting blood glucose (P<0.001), significantly prolonged escape latency (P<0.05) and increased swimming distance (P<0.01) with ultrastructural damage of pancreatic β cells and in the hippocampus; GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus (P<0.01) and SOD activity in the brain were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and MDA content was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, nicorandil treatment did not cause significant changes in fasting blood glucose, but significantly reduced the swimming distance (P<0.05); nicorandil did not improve the ultrastructural changes in pancreatic β cells but obviously improved the ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons and synapses. Nicorandil also significantly increased the contents of GIP and GLP-1 in the hippocampus (P<0.05), enhanced SOD activity (P<0.05) and decreased MDA level (P<0.01) in the brain tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Nicorandil improves cognitive dysfunction in mice with STZ-induced diabetes by increasing GIP and GLP-1 contents in the hippocampus and promoting antioxidation to relieve hippocampal injury.</p>

Study of optimal parameters of scalp electroacupuncture for rehabilitation effect on children of cerebral palsy / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effect difference of wave, intensity, time and treatment frequency by orthogonal design so as to explore the optimal parameters of scalp electroacupuncture (EA) for rehabilitation effect on children of cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety children of cerebral palsy were assigned into 9 groups by orthogonal design, 10 cases in each one. The acupoints were bilateral excitable area, foot motor sensory area, speech two area, speech three area, balance area, and intelligent nine acupoints, including Shenting (GV 24), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), and bilateral Benshen (GB 13) and Touwei (ST 8). EA was applied at bilateral excitable area and speech three area. We designed an orthogonal experiment with four factors and three levels. We studied wave (sparse wave of 2 Hz, density wave of 100 Hz, sparse and density wave of 2 Hz /100 Hz), intensity (1 mA, 2 mA, intensity based on tolerance), time (10 min, 20 min, 30 min), frequency (once a day, once every other day, twice a week). The Gesell developmental scale was used to evaluate the developmental quotient (DQ); and gross motor function measure (GMFM), motor function before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal parameters for DQ and GMFM were 2 Hz/100 Hz, 20 min, once every other day. .</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The optimal parameters for cerebral palsy may be 2 Hz/100 Hz, 20 min, once every other day.</p>

Effect of Jian Zu San Zhen Acupuncture on Tip Foot in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the effect of Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture on tip foot in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods From January to December, 2016, 120 children with spastic cerebral palsy aged one to six years were randomly divided into control group (n=60) and observation group (n=60). Both groups were treated with conventional rehabilitation, while the observation group added Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture. They were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), foot dorsiflexion angle and surface electromyog-raphy. Results After treatment, the scores of GMFM in B, C, D and E dimensions and the total score significantly increased in the observa-tion group (t>4.325, P<0.001), and were higher than that of the control group (t>2.711, P<0.01);the foot dorsiflexion angle significantly de-creased in the observation group (t=17.627, P<0.001), and was significantly less than that of the control group (t=15.416, P<0.001). The root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyography of gastrocnemius muscle under active plantarflexion and passive dorsiflexion of ankle joint improved after treatment (t≥3.058, P<0.01), and was better in the observation group than in the control group (t=-2.199, P<0.05). Conclusion Jian Zu San Zhen acupuncture can effectively reduce the gastrocnemius muscle tension, and do not reduce the gastrocnemius muscle strength, which could also improve the ability of foot flexion, and facilitate to recover the function of standing and moving.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Hospital Rehabilitation and Hospital-family Rehabilitation in Children with Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of hospital rehabilitation and hospital-family rehabilitation in children with cere-bral palsy. Methods From January to December, 2016, 60 cases of children aged one to three years with cerebral palsy were divided into hospital rehabilitation group and hospital-family rehabilitation group, with 30 cases in each group. The hospital rehabilitation group received rehabilitation of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment, including exercise therapy, physical therapy and Chinese Medical ther-apy; while the hospital-family rehabilitation group received family rehabilitation. The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Pea-body Developmental Motor Scale-fine Motor (PDMS-FM) were used to evaluate the motor function and fine motor function before and af-ter treatment. Results The GMFM score was higher (t=5.333, P<0.001), and the total medical cost was higher (t=23.614, P<0.001) in the hospital rehabilitation group than in the hospital-family rehabilitation group. However, the cost of medical care was significantly lower for every 1-point increase in GMFM and visual-motion integration of PDMS-FM in the hospital rehabilitation group than in the hospital-family rehabilitation group (t>2.065, P<0.05). Conclusion The hospital rehabilitation model may be a more economical and effective treatment for younger age children with cerebral palsy, and the hospital-family rehabilitation model could be used as an effective complementary rehabili-tation model for this age group.

Clinical Observation of Acupuncture plus Paroxetine for Depression Due to Liver-qi Stagnation / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus Paroxetine in treating depression due to liver-qi stagnation, for seeking a more effective treatment for this disease.Method Sixty patients with depression due to liver-qi stagnation were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture plus Paroxetine, while the control group was by Paroxetine alone, successively for 8 weeks. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Chinese medicine syndrome and sign score, and central neurotransmitters were observed before and after the treatment, for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy.Result The total effective rate was 96.6% in the treatment group versus 71.4% in the control group, and the treatment group was superior to the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus Paroxetine is an effective method in treating depression due to liver-qi stagnation.

Clinical observation on scalp acupuncture for diffusion tensor imaging in cerebral palsy children with periventricular leukomalacia / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effect of Governor Vessel-unblocking and mind-refreshing needling technique on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in cerebral palsy (CP) children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods:A total of 18 CP children with PVL received modern rehabilitation training and scalp acupuncture. The before-after study was conducted to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the white matter fiber tracts, gross motor function measure (GMFM) score, Gesell developmental scale and changes in muscle tone. Results:For the comparison before and after the first course of treatment, there were no statistical differences in DTI findings and FA values (both P>0.05); there were statistical differences in GMFM dimensions A and B (bothP0.05); and there were statistical differences in six items of Gesell development test (P0.05); and there were statistical differences in six items of Gesell developmental test between before, after 30 and 60 treatments and between 30 and 60 treatments (P Conclusion:The Governor Vessel-unblocking and mind-refreshing scalp acupuncture has no significant efficacy on the repair and regeneration of white matter fibers in children with PVL and CP in a short period of time; however, it gradually works along with the prolonged treatment time. In addition, it can improve the motor function and mental development and the efficacy is closely associated with the time of treatment.

A summary of 30 years' research on risk factors of stroke mortality in China / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

To analyze the mortality risk of stroke in China by literature search.The mortality rate of stroke (age standardized) in China has declined in recent years.The mortality rate of stroke which increases with age is higher in rural areas than in urban areas,and is higher in men than in women in China.There are obvious regional differences and seasonal differences in the mortality of stroke in China.Different subtypes of stroke have different death characteristics.Low or high temperatures can increase the risk of mortality of stroke.With the change of epidemiological characteristics,the risk factors of mortality of stroke in China are also changing.Through the epidemiological study of stroke death,the mortality risk of stroke can be researched effectively,the epidemiological characteristics of stroke can be mastered,and the direction of prevention and treatment of stroke can be understood.Individualized and multi factor intervention for unhealthy lifestyle,unhealthy behavior and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors can promote the establishment of stroke prevention and control strategy in China.

Effect of potassium chloride on restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival rate in rat with ventricular fibrillation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) before CPR on successful resuscitation of rats with ventricular fibrillation (VF).Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with VF induced by alternating electricity current were randomly (ramdam runmber) divided into KCl group and normal saline (NS) group.Rats of two groups were prepared with 0.8 mL/kg of 2.5％ KCl in KCI group and equivalent volume of NS in NS group instead before CPR.The resuscitation was considered to be failure if ROSC was absent for 10 min.The comparisons of time required for ROSC,the average attempt of defibrillation,the average joule used for defibrillation,ROSC rate and 72 h survival rate were carried out between the two groups.Results The length of time required for ROSC in the KCl group (n =10) was shorter than that in NS group (n=10) [(283.89±152.44) svs.(404.38±164.27) s] (t=1.369,P =0.196).The average attempt of defibrillation in KCl group were fewer compared to the NS group [(1.50 ± 0.75) times vs.(2.66 ± 0.57) times,(t =2.701,P =0.022)],the average joule used for defibrillation in KCl group were less compared to NS group [(3.75 ± 2.86) J vs.(8.33 ± 2.88) J,(t =2.78,P =0.019)].The ROSC rate in the KCl group was higher than that in NS group (P =0.011).The 72 h survival rate in KCl group was higher than that in NS group (P =0.001).Conclusions Increasing plasma potassium level before CPR could increase the ROSC rate and survival rate in rats with VF.