Drinking water treatment residuals as an amendment to alkaline soils: effects on the growth of corn and phosphorus extractability

Drinking water treatment residuals [alum] are waste products of water purification that have potential for environmental remediation as a soil amendment and a potential plant growth medium. In this study, the influence of added Drinking water treatment residuals on the extractability and availability of phosphorus to plants; determination of the agronomic rate of alum to different agricultural soils and evaluation of the alum as ameliorating material for soil conditions and plant growth were investigated. In all studied soils, increasing drinking water treatment residuals rate up to 30 g/kg significantly increased dry matter yield. Application of 10, 20 and 30 g/kgalum significantly increased plant P concentrations in the plant materials [shoots and roots] taken from clay, sandy and calcareous soils. Further increase in alum application rate has resulted in negative significant impact on plants P concentration, especially in clay and calcareous soils, but in sandy soils the increase in phosphorusconcentration extended to 40 g/kg alum rate. Application of alum at rates up to 30 g/kg significantly increased available phosphorus concentrations of the three studied soils. However, application of alum at a rate of 40 g/kg to clay and calcareous soils significantly decreased available phosphorus concentrations. Combined analyses of all soils and alum rates studied clearly indicated significant relationship between available phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake [r = 0.87, P < 0.001]. Based on our experiment results, the rate of 30 g/kg is considered the best application rate of alum because of its positive effects on plant dry matter. Our study clearly demonstrates that alum has potential as a soil amendment to increase plant growth; however, more research is needed to determine beneficial and / or detrimental aspects of this practice under field conditions

Different doses of sublingual Misoprostol versus Methylergometrine for the prevention of atonic Postpartum Haemorrhage

Objective: In the poor underdeveloped countries, anaemia is very common in pregnant women. Maternal mortality is four times higher in severely anaemic women than non-anaemic ones and postpartum haemorrhage [PPH] is the most common cause of death. Its main cause is uterine atony, which accounts for more than 70%. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of sublingual misoprostol in different doses of 600, 800 and1000Mug in management of the third stage of labor, with regards to blood loss and incidence of atonic postpartum haemorrhag [APPH]

Study Design: Double blind randomized controlled study

Methods: One thousand and two hundred parturient were studied in a control and three study groups, each composed of 300 women. Methylergometrine 0.2 mg IM injection and sublingual misoprostol 600, 800 and 1000 Mug tablets were given to women in control and the three study groups respectively, immediately after delivery. Outcome Measures: Duration of the third stage of labour, Blood loss in the third stage of labour, Outcomes in anaemic compared to non anaemic women, Incidance of atonic postpartum haemorrhage in different groups, Haemoglobin deficit after 24 hrs of delivery, Changes in the women's blood pressure during the study, Side effects of the drug, and, Women's acceptability of sublingual misoprostol administration

Results: Only significant reduction in blood loss and haemoglobin deficits were seen in the third stage of labour and after delivery in women used misoprostol doses of 800 Mug and 1000 Mug. The incidences of PPH in studied women and controls were almost similar, ranging between 2 and 3%. Similar results were seen in anaemic and non-anaemic women with a higher incidence of APPH in the non-misoprostol user anaemic women. Side effects of the drug were dose related

Conclusion: Misoprostol in high dose may be used for managing third stage of labour to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality due to APPH particularly, in the poor underdeveloped countries where, facilities to deliver in health centers, purchase and store the oxytocic ampoules or medically trained persons are not readily available in all places. Benefits of large dose misoprostol outweigh its side effects

Different doses of sublingual misoprostol versus methylergometrine for the prevention of atonic postpartum haemorrhage

In the poor underdeveloped countries, anaemia is very common in pregnant women. Maternal mortality is four times higher in severely anaemic women than non-anaemic ones and postpartum haemorrhage [PPH] is the most common cause of death Its main cause is uterine atony, which accounts for more than 70%. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of sublingual misoprostol in different doses of 600, 800 and 1000 micro g in management of the third stage of labor, with regards to blood loss and incidence of atonic postpartum haemorrhag [APPH]. Double blind randomized controlled study. One thousand and two hundred parturient were studied in a control and three study groups, each composed of 300 women. Methylergometrine 0.2 mg IM injection and sublingual misoprostol 600, 800 and 1000 micro g tablets were given to women in control and the three study groups respectively, immediately after delivery. Outcome Measures: Duration of the third stage of labour, Blood loss in the third stage of labour, Outcomes in anaemic compared to non-anaemic women, Incidance of atonic postpartum haemorrhage in different groups, Haemoglobin deficit after 24 hrs of delivery, Changes in the women's blood pressure during the study, Side effects of the drug, and, Women's acceptability of sublingual misoprostol administration. Only significant reduction in blood loss and haemoglobin deficits were seen in the third stage of labour and after delivery in women used misoprostol doses of 800 M9 and 1000 micro g. The incidences of PPH in studied women and controls were almost similar, ranging between 2 and 3%. Similar results were seen in anaemic and non-anaemic women with a higher incidence of APPH in the non-misoprostol user anaemic women. Side effects of the drug were dose related. Misoprostol in high dose may be used for managing third stage of labour to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality due to APPH particularly, in the poor underdeveloped countries where, facilities to deliver in health centers, purchase and store the oxytocic ampoules or medically trained persons are not readily available in all places. Benefits of large dose misoprostol outweigh its side effects

Some social effects based on developmental an Egyptian village, A comparative study of two villages in Sharkia Governorate

The aim of this study was to find out the social impacts implied as a result of service projects in some villages. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify the differences between the population in the two villages investigated; the first village with complete services and the second village lacks most of the services. The two villages chosen are Shobra El-Nakhla [first village] and Mansheiat El-Salam [second village]. Both are located in Belbis District, Sharqia Governorate. The two investigated groups included a r and om sample of 235 cases, representing 10% of the total households in each of the 2 villages and chosen from the registers of the supplementary office. The means of statistical analysis were the percentage of different repetition related to the variables of the study. Statistical tests were also used X2 [T test] to find out the significance of the difference between the two investigated groups. The study findings showed that the positive significant differences between the two villages are related to educational degree, social participation in local projects, communication with other societies and living st and ard. Insignificant difference was found between the two villages in membership in social organizations, contact with cooperatives, role of rural women, degree of social control, and the attitude towards family solidarity. There were nonsignificant differences between the two villages in the degree of educational aspiration, degree of exposure to mass media and attitude towards birth control