Résumé
Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare bladder disorder that was first reported in 1960 and can be diagnosed in children or adults. Its cause is unknown and usually presents with hematuria, supra pubic pain, sysuria and frequency. We have made an extensive literature review and we reported on 2 illustrative cases. The first case was a man presented with hematuria; a computed tomography, shown expansive process with a mass suggesting infiltration of the perivesical tissues. A biopsy was done and the pathological diagnosis was eosinophilic cystitis. The patient was treated with steroids. Later on, he had an episode of hematuria on the left ureteral orifice and a nephrouretectomy showed grade 2 urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. The second case is a child with neurogenic bladder due to myelomeningocele who had a cystostomy since the age of 5 months. Surgery was performed, including partial cystectomy with an ileal neobladder. The anatomopathological diagnosis was eosinophilic cystitis. The different classifications of eosinophilic cystitis were presented and discussed. The diagnosis of this entity can only be made by microscopic examination which shows mucosal edema or fibrosis, a polymorphous infiltrate rich in eosinophils and sometimes replacement of the bladder muscle by fibrotic tissue