Influence of Bradykinin on Catecholamine Release from the Rat Adrenal Medulla

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of bradykinin on secretion of catecholamines (CA) evoked by stimulation of cholinergic receptors and membrane depolarization from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal glands, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Bradykinin (3 X 10 (-8) M) alone produced a weak secretory response of the CA. however, the perfusion with bradykinin (3 X 10 (-8) M) into an adrenal vein of the rat adrenal gland for 90 min enhanced markedly the secretory responses of CA evoked by ACh (5.32 X 10 (-3) M), excess K+ (5.6 X 10 (-2) M, a membrane depolarizer), DMPP (10 (-4) M, a selective neuronal nicotinic agonist) and McN-A-343 (10 (-4) M, a selective M1-muscarinic agonist). Moreover, bradykinin (3 X 10 (-8) M) in to an adrenal vein for 90 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644, an activator of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channels. However, in the presence of (N-Methyl-D-Phe7) -bradykinin trifluoroacetate salt (3 X 10 (-8) M), an antagonist of BK2-bradykinin receptor, bradykinin no longer enhanced the CA secretion evoked by Ach and high potassium whereas the pretreatment with Lys- (des-Arg9, Leu8) -bradykinin trifluoroacetate salt (3 X 10 (-8) M), an antagonist of BK1-bradykinin receptor did fail to affect them. Furthermore, the perfusion with bradykinin (3 X 10 (-6) M) into an adrenal vein of the rabbit adrenal gland for 90 min enhanced markedly the secretory responses of CA evoked by excess K+ (5.6 X 10 (-2) M). Collectively, these experimental results suggest that bradykinin enhances the CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla evoked by cholinergic stimulation (both nicotininc and muscarinic receptors) and membrane depolarization through the activation of B2-bradykinin receptors, not through B1-bradykinin receptors. This facilitatory effect of bradykinin seems to be associated to the increased Ca2+ influx through the activation of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca2+ channels.

Hepatitis B examination and recognition change after 1 year in girls' high school students

BACKGROUND: Korea Academy of Family Medicine recommands HBsAb and HBsAb test in youth health promotion program. Adequate management are necessary for prevention of vertical transmission at perinatal period, especially girls' high school students as a future's conceivable woman. Health examination program for the first grade students of high school which was established by the Educational Ministry has been acted since 1998. So, through the students health examination we'd like to find an adequate method of prevention and management in hepatitis B. METHODS: Our study examines HBs Ag/Ab about girls' high school students at two high schools in a city. According to the results of hepatitis B, active intervention in carrier group, passive intervention in candidate were done. And then a year later, hepatitis B management was investigated through the questionnaire. RESULTS: In active intervention group, regular check up of hepatitis B is 21.4%, hepatitis B blood test in family is 39.3% and in passive intervention group, hepatitis B vaccination rate after health examiantion is 9.1%. CONCLUSION: More active intervention such as mass vaccination are required in health examination for the purpose of hepatitis B management at youth.