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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(1): 1-10, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356319

Résumé

Abstract Background The lower frequency of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors observed in vegetarians compared to omnivores may be due to more appropriate nutrient intake according to recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective To compare the dietary adequacy according to the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in apparently healthy vegetarian (VEG) and omnivorous (OMN) men. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, conducted with apparently healthy men (44 omnivorous and 44 vegetarians, ≥ 35 years), who were assessed for daily food consumption, anthropometric data, physical exercise status, and clinical data. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the association between the type of diet and the dietary adequacy. Significant values were considered for p<0.05. Results Several clinical CV risk markers were significantly lower in VEG when compared to OMN: body mass index (BMI) (23.1 vs. 27.3 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (119.5 vs. 129.2 mmHg), and diastolic blood pressure (75.7 vs. 83.9 mmHg). VEG presented significant lower values of blood lipids and glucose. No significant difference was observed in caloric intake; however, VEG consumed significantly more carbohydrates, dietary fibers, and polyunsaturated fats. VEG presented an adequate consumption of dietary cholesterol and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, regardless of caloric intake and age. Conclusion VEG were more likely to consume saturated fatty acids, dietary cholesterol, and fibers according to the recommendations of NCEP, factors that may contribute to lower levels of CV risk markers than OMN.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Régime végétarien , Apports nutritionnels recommandés , Facteurs de risque de maladie cardiaque , Études transversales , Appréciation des risques , Consommation alimentaire , Acides gras , Mode de vie
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(1): 43-50, Jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-985007

Résumé

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of food consumption in apparently healthy men and their association with cardiovascular risk factors and biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS In this observational study, 88 men had their food standard obtained through the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of dietary patterns with cardiovascular risk factors, such as anthropometric data, laboratory and clinical evaluations, carotid-femoral arterial stiffness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity were evaluated. RESULTS The highest values were observed, for most of the risk factors evaluated, with the highest frequency of weekly consumption of dairy products, meats, sweets, fats, cold meats, sodas, milk and white chocolate; and lower frequency of weekly consumption of fruits, cereals, vegetables, legumes, oilseeds, and soy. There was no significant difference for coffee and dark chocolate CONCLUSIONS A diet with high consumption of animal products has a higher correlation with cardiovascular risk factors; the opposite is true for the consumption of plant-based food, associated with the profile of more favorable biomarkers for cardiovascular health and better biochemical and structural parameters.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a frequência do consumo alimentar de indivíduos homens aparentemente saudáveis e a associação desta com fatores de risco cardiovascular e biomarcadores de aterosclerose subclínica. MÉTODOS Neste estudo observacional, 88 homens tiveram o padrão alimentar obtido por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA). Foram avaliadas as associações dos padrões alimentares com os fatores de risco cardiovascular, como dados antropométricos, avaliações laboratoriais e clínica, rigidez arterial determinada pela carótida-femoral (IMT) e velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP). RESULTADOS O padrão observado para a maioria dos fatores de risco avaliados foi de valores mais altos, segundo maior frequência de consumo semanal de lácteos, carnes, doces, gorduras/frituras, embutidos, refrigerantes, chocolates ao leite e branco; e de menor frequência de consumo semanal de frutas, cereais, legumes, verduras, leguminosas, oleaginosas e soja. Não houve diferença significativa para café e chocolate amargo. CONCLUSÕES Uma dieta com alto consumo de produtos animais apresenta maior correlação com fatores de risco cardiovascular, sendo o oposto para o consumo de alimentos de origem vegetal, associado ao perfil de biomarcadores de saúde cardiovascular mais favorável e melhores parâmetros bioquímicos e estruturais.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Matières grasses alimentaires/effets indésirables , Athérosclérose/étiologie , Athérosclérose/sang , Comportement alimentaire , Manipulation des aliments , Viande/effets indésirables , Triglycéride/sang , Légumes , Marqueurs biologiques , Maladies cardiovasculaires/étiologie , Études transversales , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Facteurs de risque , Analyse de l'onde de pouls , Cholestérol HDL/sang , Cholestérol LDL/sang , Viande/statistiques et données numériques , Adulte d'âge moyen
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 110(5): 430-437, May 2018. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-950148

Résumé

Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MSyn) in vegetarians (VEG) despite the inconclusive evidence from others. Objective: To verify the association between diet and other lifestyle characteristics and the prevalence of MSyn, cardiovascular risk factors (CRF), and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in apparently healthy VEG and omnivorous (OMN) men. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 88 apparently healthy men ≥ 35 years, 44 VEG and 44 OMN, were assessed for anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and FRS. To test the association between lifestyle and MSyn, Student t test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression model were used. A significance level of 5% was considered in all statistical analyses. Results: Several CRF were significantly lower in VEG than in OMN: body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein b, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (all p < 0.05). The FRS mean was lower in VEG than in OMN (2.98 ± 3.7 vs 4.82 ± 4.8, p = 0.029). The percentage of individuals with MSyn was higher among OMN than among VEG (52.3 vs.15.9%) (p < 0.001). The OMN diet was associated with MSyn (OR: 6.28 95%CI 2.11-18.71) and alterations in most MSyn components in the multiple regression model independently of caloric intake, age and physical activity. Conclusion: The VEG diet was associated with lower CRF, FRS and percentage of individuals with MSyn.


Resumo Fundamento: Estudos recentes mostraram menor prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) em vegetarianos (VEG), apesar de evidências inconclusivas de outros. Objetivo: Verificar associação entre dieta e características do estilo de vida e a prevalência de SM, fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) e Escore de Framingham (EF) em homens VEG e onívoros (ONI) aparentemente saudáveis. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, 88 homens aparentemente saudáveis ≥ 35 anos, VEG (n = 44) e ONI (n = 44), foram avaliados quanto a dados antropométricos, pressão arterial, lípides plasmáticos, glicemia, proteína C reativa e EF. Para testar associação entre estilo de vida e SM, o teste t de Student, o teste qui-quadrado e a regressão logística múltipla foram utilizados. Foi considerado nível de significância de 5% em todas as análises estatísticas. Resultados: Os níveis dos FRCV avaliados foram menores nos VEG do que nos ONI: índice de massa corporal, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, apolipoproteína b, glicemia e hemoglobina glicada (p < 0,05). O EF foi menor nos VEG do que nos ONI (2,98 ± 3,7 vs. 4,82 ± 4,8; p = 0,029). A porcentagem de indivíduos com SM foi maior entre ONI do que entre VEG (52,3 vs.15,9%) (p < 0,001). A dieta ONI foi associada com a SM (OR: 6,28 IC95% 2,11-18,71) e alterações na maioria dos componentes da SM no modelo de regressão logística múltipla, independentemente de ingestão calórica, idade e atividade física. Conclusão: A dieta VEG foi associada com menores taxas de FRC e menores EF e porcentagem de indivíduos com SM.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Maladies cardiovasculaires/épidémiologie , Syndrome métabolique X/épidémiologie , Végétariens , Régime végétarien , Brésil/épidémiologie , Ration calorique , Maladies cardiovasculaires/prévention et contrôle , Indice de masse corporelle , Anthropométrie , Cholestérol , Prévalence , Études transversales , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Facteurs de risque , Syndrome métabolique X/prévention et contrôle , Mode de vie , Cholestérol LDL
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