SELF-MEDICATION FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC-A CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY IN GENERAL POPULATION

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the pattern and reasons for self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: The present study was an exploratory cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire was meant to be filled up by those who were older than 18 y and could read and write English. The questionnaire (related to socio-demographic status, pattern, and reasons for self-medication) was designed and validated by a committee of faculties in the department of pharmacology through a peer review process and sent through mail, WhatsApp, and other means of social media. A non-parametric Chi-square test was used to test relationships between categorical variables.Results: The responses of 557 participants were analyzed; among them, the majority were females as compared to males. There was a significant difference (*p = 0.02) in the pattern of self-medication between the males (38%) and females (62%), and most of the participants used self-medication as a preventive measure for COVID-19 (39%). Fear of going out (13%) during COVID-19 was the main single reason for self-medication. Arsenic Album 30 was the most frequently used homeopathic formulation (26%).Conclusion: This study showed that apprehension, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, was the main impulse for self-medication.

Role of Ayurveda in the Prevention and Management of Nephrotoxicity

Nephrotoxicity, the prevalence and incidence of which is increasing day by day, is affecting very badly the quality of life of the sufferers in addition to the impalement of physical, mental, social and economical damages. The fact that the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury over the last 40–50 years is almost constant and is not improving itself iterates its graveness. Treatment/management of acute kidney injury is primarily supportive, with the goals of preventing further damage and promoting recovery of renal function. It may include discontinuation, dose adjustment or monitoring of the medications prescribed. There are only few drugs like melatonin and lithium which are supposed to be having the potential of mitigation of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. If metabolic derangements from acute kidney injury do not respond to conservative treatment, either dialysis or renal replacement therapy is the only option to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. But neither hemodialysis nor renal transplantation, which themselves bring about a lot of personal and familial difficulties, is free from side/adverse effects. Ayurveda, the ancient healing science, describes a lot of measures for the prevention and management of diseases in a great detail. Although nephrotoxicity seems to be a new entity, it can be very well prevented and managed with the adoption of Ayurveda in a cost effective and safe way. This article presents the nehroprotective effect of Ayurvedic advocacy and that of Ayurvedic plants evident by experiments in animal model.

Drugs of Physical Harm in Pregnancy: Nature Vs Nurture-A Silent Battle.

Drug misuse is a major social, legal, and public-health challenge in the modern world. Drug misuse affects society, family, individual users and offsprings. Using illicit substances during pregnancy is common. A study in UK inner-city clinic demonstrated 16% of the women had taken one or more illicit substances. Screening newborns in a high-risk urban population of USA revealed 44% of 3010 babies tested positive for opiates, cocaine or cannabis. Maternal drug abuse jeopardize maternal health and results in poor foetal outcome. Here we will discuss mainly about antenatal, postnatal, foetal consequences and management of maternal drug abuse. Four drugs i.e Heroin, Methadone, Barbiturates and Cocaine have been selected because they have maximum propensity to cause physical harm. These drugs easily cross the placenta and pass into breast milk, affecting the baby and are so addictive that the unborn baby can become dependent on the drug. Women abusing these drugs during pregnancy can experience memory loss, irritability, changes in alertness and can increase the risk of antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth, low birth weight, neural tube defects, cleft palates, cardiac defects and microcephaly. Cocaine may cause an unborn baby to die or experience stroke, which can result in irreversible brain damage as they have not yet developed the enzyme that inactivates it. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms have also been reported in infants. Drug use in pregnancy is a potentially complex bio-psychosocial problem and is best managed through careful assessment leading to a care plan that is implemented by a multidisciplinary team.