Statistical Study of Rainfall Variations Across Different Districts of Bundelkhand Region, India

The Bundelkhand region, one of the most vulnerable locations in central India, is prone to severe drought and crop failure attributed to annual rainfall fluctuation. In this study, basic statistics were utilized to determine the variances in rainfall across different districts in the Bundelkhand zone for 30 years (1987-2016) The average annual rainfall was found to be maximum for Damoh district (1169.24 mm) followed by Sagar district (1163.04 mm), Panna district (1118.79 mm), whereas it was minimum for Jalaun district (774.91 mm) followed by Datia district (841.61 mm), Hamirpur district (849.30 mm). In this study period in the year 2010 received low annual rainfall. The average seasonal rainfall was found to be maximum for Sagar district (1075.52 mm) followed by Damoh district (1073.40 mm), Panna district (1008.74 mm) whereas was minimum for Jalaun district (701.11 mm) followed by Datia district (769.1 mm). In this 30 year 1990 real received low seasonal rainfall. This research demonstrates the rainfall pattern over the study region and indicates susceptible locations that are more likely to face water stress as a result of rainfall variability.

The Climatic Variability during Kharif Season in Prayagraj and Varansi District for Last One Decade

The present study attempts to know the trend of selected weather parameters and to analyse the impact of weather parameters on Yield of rice in Prayagraj and Varanasi district. The secondary data of weather parameters for the study was obtained from Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS).The weather data of Varanasi were obtained from Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi for the period from 2008 to 2018. The parameters consider viz., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sun shine hour, rainfall and rice yield for the study. The variability terms (SD and CV) were computed over seasonal and annual periods for Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Rainfall of Prayagraj and Varanasi districts during 2008 to 2018.The long term trend in maximum, minimum temperature and rainfall, solar radiation has been calculated on monthly, seasonal and annual for Prayagraj and Varanasi. Trend was studied in 10 years period seasonal trend was observed for five seasons i.e. summer (March to May), south west monsoon (June to September), post monsoon (October and November), winter (December to February) and Kharif (June to november.) by using liner trend analysis. The linear trend value. The trend analysis revealed that the maximum temperature and minimum temperature showed a positive trend at Prayagraj whereas and rainfall and solar radiation showed a negative trend and the trend over a period during study period 2008-2018.Trend of one decades (2008-2018) was showed a decrease in Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature and Rainfall at Varanasi .The yield of Rice in Varanasi was positively correlated with rainfall; however negatively and significantly correlated with maximum temperature and minimum temperature and bright sun shine.

Formulation and evaluation of folic acid conjugated gliadin nanoparticles of curcumin for targeting colon cancer cells.

Preparation of folic acid (FA) conjugated (FA-CUR-GNPs) and non-conjugated (CUR-GNPs) gliadin nanoparticles of curcumin were successfully formulated by desolvation method for oral delivery of drug for targeting colon cancer cell. F1, F3, F5 (conjugated) and F2, F4, F6 (Non-conjugated) were formulated using various drug-polymer ratio (1:2). They were further characterized by FTIR, Mass spectroscopy, NMR, solubility studies, entrapment efficiency, TEM, particle size, surface charge, In-vitro release studies, In vivo toxicity studies and simultaneously evaluated. F3 (curcumin 10mg, gliadin 20mg and FA 5mg) and F4 (curcumin 10mg and gliadin 20 mg) were found as the optimized formulation among both the categories. For F3 and F4 formulations; average particle size (168.1 and 195.7nm), zeta potential (-16.5 and -24.4mV), cumulative % drug release (92.92 and 94%) and In vivo toxicity studies were conducted and compared with the control (phosphate-buffer saline, pH 6.8) reveals no toxicity. From the characterization and evaluation studies it was identified that F4 (FA-CUR-GNPs) had better solubility, In vitro release profile and no specified In-vivo toxicity than F3 (CUR-GNPs) formulation with nano-range particle size throughout the experiment. Improved bioavailability and increase targeting capacity toward colon cancer tumor cells were successfully achieved.

Alpha amylase from a fungal culture grown on oil cakes and its properties

Fermentação no Estado Sólido foi empregada na produção de alfa-amilase usando Aspergillus niger. Diferentes tipos de torta foram utilizadas, como torta de óleo de coco (COC), torta de de óleo de amendoim (GOC) torta de óleo de sesamo (SOC), torta de palma (PKC) e torta de óleo de oliva (OOC) foram selecionadas para serem usadas como substratos para produção de enzima e comparadas com o farelo de trigo (WB), GOC foi escolhido por ser o que produziu maiores concentrações de enzima. A combinação WB e GOC (1:1) resultou em maiores títulos da enzima quando em comparação com os substratos individuais. A máxima concentração de enzima (9196 U/ gms) foi obtida quando a FES foi conduzida utilizando WB + GOC, com umidade de 64% e suplementada com lactose e nitrato de amônia (1% cada) a 300C por 72 horas utilizando 2 mL de uma suspensão de esporo (6x107sporos/ml). A purificação parcial da enzima usando frações de sulfato de amônio resultou num aumento de 2-4 vezes o aumento da atividade. A enzima apresentou um peso molecular de 68 Kda pelo SDS_PAGE. Exceto Mn, todos os outros íons metálicos como Ca, K, Na, Mg são inibitórios na produção da enzima.