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Background: Under nutrition continues to be an important public health problem, inspite of several nutrition intervention programs in India. The present study was carried out to know the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among 6 months to 5 years children and to assess nutrition status and related factors among study population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study using stratified random sampling. Total 165 samples were taken from 5 field practice area of B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. From each area 33 random samples were taken.Results: Out of 165 children 80 and 85 were male and female. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 45%, 46% and 29% respectively. SE class IV and V, low birth weight, higher birth order, late age of starting complementary feeding, parents education were significantly associated with undernutrition.Conclusions: The risk of undernutrition is higher in field practice area of B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. There is a need to strengthen promotion of maternal nutrition; maternal education and improving household socio-economic condition along with health care services may improve nutritional status of children.
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Background & objectives: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) & hypertension (HTN) are common diseases causing premature atherosclerosis; and associated hyperlipidemia causes cardiovascular morbidity & mortality. They impose tremendous burden on healthcare system. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis and For every 0.1-mm increase in carotid IMT, the relative risk of ischemic heart disease increases by 15% and that of cerebrovascular disease by 18%.3 in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (DM2) patients. This study was carried out with objectives of : 1. To evaluate the prevalence of altered lipid profile in type 2 DM & stage 2 HTN & its relationship with carotid intima media thickness ( CMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis.2. To study prevalence of altered lipid profile in type 2 DM & stage 2 HTN patients with respect to control subjects.3. To study additive effect of diabetes & hypertension on lipid profile & CMT . 4. Quantitative correlation of altered lipid profile & diabetic control HbA1c with CMT. 5. Relation of CMT with other established parameters like age, BMI >26kg/m2 , total cholesterol, LDL & HDL cholesterol. Methods: The current prospective study has been carried out at Shree Sayaji General Hospital. From 1st September 2010 to 30th August 2011 with following group of patients who attended outdoor patient department in medicine department.1. A group of 15 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.2. A group of 15 stage 2 hypertensive patients.3. A group of 15 control patients. Results: In HTN patients, total cholesterol has positive and poor correlation while HDL cholesterol has negative & good correlation with CMT. LDL cholesterol has positive & very good correlation & VLDL cholesterol has positive &very good correlation with CMT. TC/LDL has positive & very good correlation with CMT. In DM patients, total cholesterol has positive & good relation, while HDL cholesterol has negative & good correlation with CMT.LDL cholesterol has positive & very good correlation with CMT. While VLDL cholesterol has positive & very good.TC/LDL has positive & very good correlation with CMT. While HBA1c has negative & poor correlation with CMT. The other parameters which were found to be associated with increased carotid intima media thickness were increasing age, BMI > 25 Kg/m2, post prandial blood glucose levels, high total cholesterol & low HDL cholesterol.HbA1c has not shown to be important correlation with CMT. CMT values are highly significant at p<.05 level in HTN & DM group of patients in comparison to controls.
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Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has become one of the major causes of mortality in the world at present, and it is for this reason various researches are being done for its diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Serum enzyme estimation is an important tool for it. Aim: To study changes in serum cardiac markers, after acute attack of MI Before & 2 hours after reperfusion and to establish usefulness of enzymes in early diagnosis of AMI. Methodology: A study of changes in serum cardiac markers CK-MB, LDH and AST, after acute attack of MI-before and 2 hours after reperfusion was conducted at govt. hospital. Total 100 patients were studied. All the patients were confirmed cases of AMI, admitted in the intensive care unit of hospital. Blood samples were collected in plain bulb, at the time of admission and at 90 minutes (i.e. after reperfusion) and enzyme estimation was done for all 3 enzymes. Result: It was found that the serum CK-MB is the first and earliest enzyme released in compare to AST and LDH, and after reperfusion it increases 6-7 folds. The mean levels of all enzymes were higher after reperfusion, suggestive of good prognosis in case of early reperfusion after an attack of AMI.
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Background & Objectives: 1} To describe thyroid hormone profile in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) 2} To find, If any, short term prognostic significance of Thyroid diseases. Materials & Methods The study has been carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College Baroda during period of March 2011 to May 2012. The study comprised of patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted in ICCU of SSG, Hospital. Inclusion criteria were patients with acute coronary syndrome, irrespective of gender, race, ethnic group, age, and clinical severity, giving consent for being included as a part of the study. Exclusion criteria included patients using corticosteroids, amiodarone, or thyroid disease drugs, who had received any iodinated contrast agent within the previous two weeks, Patients with established diseases, such as neoplasias, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring antibiotic therapy, liver cirrhosis, active infection, and decompensated diabetes mellitus, conditions that are known to affect thyroid function tests. Results: Of total 30 pts of STEMI, 30 % had increased level of Free T4 on day 0 and 23.07% had increased values on day 4. Of total 30 pts of NSTEMI/UA, 20 % had increased level of Free T4 on day 0 and 14.28% had increased values on day 4. The levels of TSH, free and Total T3 as well as Total T4 were not significantly different in either STEMI/NSTEMI group either Day 0 or Day 4. 21.67% of pts had evidence of Sick Euthyroid Syndrome on day of admission. Of the total 6 pts expired before day 4, 3 patients had evidence of Sick Euthyroid Syndrome at the time of admission. The association of Sick Euthyroid syndrome was found to be significant for mortality in patients of STEMI with 3 out of 4 expired patients of STEMI having SES at the of admission with significant p value {p <0.05} .There was no significant difference in mortality in patients of NSTEMI/UA having SES. Conclusion: Our results show the importance of recognizing the “Euthyroid Sick Syndrome” in coronary heart disease patients, suggesting an association with poorer prognosis in patients with ST elevated Myocardial Infarction in form of increased mortality and no association was found with mortality in patients having Non ST elevated Myocardial Infarction or Unstable Angina.
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Objective: In India, the commonest cardiovascular ailment encountered in hospitals is rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve being most commonly affected. Rheumatic mitral valve disease affects left-ventricular performance as a result of myocardial and functional factors. This study is aims to review the use of Tissue Doppler Echocardiography over conventional echocardiography in assessment of ventricular functions in patients having rheumatic heart disease. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College Baroda. Total of 35 patients with an established diagnosis of rheumatic MS, and 30 age-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. Echocardiography equipped with TDE function was performed on each participant. The mitral valve area, gradient across mitral valve, Left atrial size, ejection fraction, isovolumic contraction time of ventricles, myocardial velocity of ventricular walls were measured. Discussion: The average age of study population was 33 years with 57% females patients and 43% males patients. There was maximum correlation between Systolic myocardial velocity and ejection fraction calculated by Simpson’s Four Chamber method . Regional distribution of systolic dysfunction occur in rheumatic mitral valve disease with maximum maximum affection of posterior and lateral wall and minimal affection of interventricular septum. LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction can occur in pure mitral stenosis independent of severity of mitral stenosis & Tissue Doppler echocardiography appears to be feasible in the prediction of subclinical LV dysfunction.
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Objective: Use of ART in HIV infected individuals’ results in reduced mortality and morbidity associated with AIDS. Long term complications of HIV & ART including dyslipidemia & dysglycemia have raise concern regarding accelerated cardiovascular risk in these patients. Aim of study is to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia & dysglycemia in HIV infected patients and its relation to CD 4 count. Material and Methods: A cross sectional two arm comparison study carried out at Shree Sayajirao General Hospital and Medical College Baroda. The treatment arm, ON ART arm, constituted 30 patients already on ART defined as a combination of at least three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely PIs, NNRTIs and NRTIs, one of which was a PI or an NNRTI ,or a triple combination of NRTIs. Comparator arm, ART naïve arm constituted 30 HIV-positive patients, eligible for, but not yet receiving ART. Dyslipidemia & dysglycemia were defined as high total or LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, or low HDL cholesterol according to the adult treatment panel III (ATP III) guidelines and as the presence of diabetes , impaired fasting blood sugar(FBS) , impaired post prandial blood sugar(PP2BS) or impaired glucose tolerance according to ADA (American diabetes association)criteria ,respectively. Discussion: Dysglycemia was present in 30% of study population and dyslipidemia was present in 73.33% of study population. Difference in elevation of serum Cholesterol level and serum LDL level in patients on ART arm was statistically significant. Dysglycemia and dyslipidemia was associated with low CD 4 count compare to patients with normal blood glucose level and normal lipid profile level.
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The present study describes the development and validation of a dissolution method for carvedilol compression-coated tablets. Dissolution test was performed using a TDT-06T dissolution apparatus. Based on the physiological conditions of the body, 0.1N hydrochloric acid was used as dissolution medium and release was monitored for 2 hours to verify the immediate release pattern of the drug in acidic pH, followed by pH 6.8 in citric-phosphate buffer for 22 hours, to simulate a sustained release pattern in the intestine. Influences of rotation speed and surfactant concentration in medium were evaluated. Samples were analysed by validated UV visible spectrophotometric method at 286 nm. 1 percent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was found to be optimum for improving carvedilol solubility in pH 6.8 citric-phosphate buffer. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between the results obtained at 50 and 100 rpm. The discriminating dissolution method was successfully developed for carvedilol compression-coated tablets. The conditions that allowed dissolution determination were USP type I apparatus at 100 rpm, containing 1000 ml of 0.1N HCl for 2 hours, followed by pH 6.8 citric-phosphate buffer with 1 percent SLS for 22 hours at 37.0 ± 0.5 ºC. Samples were analysed by UV spectrophotometric method and validated as per ICH guidelines.
O presente estudo descreve o desenvolvimento e a validação de método de dissolução para comprimidos revestidos de carvedilol. O teste de dissolução foi efetuado utilizando-se o aparelho para dissolução TDT-06T. Com base nas condições fisiológicas do organismo, utilizou-se ácido clorídrico 0,1 N como meio de dissolução e a liberação foi monitorada por 2 horas para se verificar o padrão de liberação imediata do fármaco em condições de pH baixo, seguidas por pH 6,8 em tampão cítrico-fosfato por 22 horas, para simular o padrão de liberação controlada no intestino. Avaliou-se a influência da velocidade de rotação e a concentração de tensoativo no meio. As amostras foram analisadas por método espectrofotométrico UV-visível validado, em 286 nm. O laurilsulfato sódico a 1 por cento (SLS) mostrou-se ótimo para aumentar a solubilidade do carvedilol em pH 6,8 em tampão cítrico-fosfato. A análise da variância não mostrou diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos a 50 e a 100 rpm. O método da dissolução discriminante foi desenvolvido com sucesso para os comprimidos revestidos de carvedilol. As condições que permitiram a determinação da dissolução foram: aparelho USP tipo I a 100 rpm, contendo 1000 mL de HCL 0,1 N por 2 horas, seguido de pH 6,8 com tampão cítrico-fosfato, com 1 por cento de SLS por 22 horas a 37,0 ± 0,5 ºC. Amostras foram analisadas por método espectrofotométrico e validadas pelas normas ICH.