RÉSUMÉ
Background: Hypertension is a commonest cardiovascular disorder and is major cause of premature death worldwide. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, most (two-thirds) living in low and middle-income countries. So present study was undertaken to assess the risk factors for hypertension among First year MBBS students so that suitable preventive measures may be undertaken. Methods: It is cross sectional study conducted among first year MBBS students in DRKGMC Hamirpur. The duration of study is three months. The tools of study used were modified structured pretested self-administered questionnaire; WHO stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS). Weighing machine, measuring tape, digital BP apparatus and steadiometer. Results: A total of 115 students of MBBS first year participated in the study. There were a total of 31.3% (36) boys and 68.7% (79) girls. Thirty three percent (38) had a family history of hypertension. 16.52% (19) had a BMI more than the normal. Among the study participants only 5 students (4.35%) used to consume alcohol and smoke cigarettes. Most of study participants consume fast food and junk food. Conclusions: High prevalence of different modifiable risk factors for hypertension revealed among the study subjects.There is need to screen the modifiable risk factors from very early age.
RÉSUMÉ
Plutella xylostella, commonly known as the diamondback moth poses significant challenges to Cole crops, impacting their growth and ultimately affecting yields. Its rapid reproduction coupled with its ability for developing pesticide resistance has elevated the diamondback moth to a critical concern for farmers and agricultural systems worldwide. The adult population of Diamondback moth was thus monitored during two cropping seasons (Kharif and Rabi season) at three locations viz., Vegetable Experimental Field, Faculty of Horticulture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Urban Technology Park, SKUAST-K, Habbak and Ichgam village in district Budgam using two different Plutella xylostella synthetic sex lures (SKUAST-K and Chipku lures). During Kharif season, the adult diamondback population was monitored from 18th to 28th SW with a maximum trap catch in the last week of June (26th SW) at Shalimar; whereas, both in Budgam and Habbak, the highest trap catch was in first week of June (23rd SW). However, in Rabi season, the adult population was monitored from 34th to 44th SW; the highest adult trap catch was in third week of September (38th SW) at Shalimar, though, in Budgam and Habbak, the moth catch peaked to maximum collection in first and second week of October (40th and 41st SW), respectively. During both the seasons and at all the locations, SKUAST-K lure proved more efficacious than Chipku lure. Besides, simple correlation analysis revealed that maximum temperature had positive and non-significant correlation with adult moth catches; conversely, the rainfall and relative humidity was negatively correlated and non-significant with P. xylostella adult trap catches throughout both observed seasons.
RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: Febrile neutropenia is a life‑threatening emergency in pediatric cancer patients. Its management is based on established guidelines that emphasize on prompt action. Consideration of local microbiologic spectrum and its susceptibility is pivotal in devising a rational protocol. AIMS: To study the spectrum of bacterial isolates and its antibiotic sensitivity profile in bloodstream infections (BSIs) of pediatric cancer patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at a tertiary cancer center for pediatric cancer patients. Blood culture samples sent during the evaluation of patients with clinical diagnosis of febrile neutropenia during the year of 2013 were analyzed. The microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were studied. RESULTS: A total of 27 isolates represented BSIs out of 412 blood cultures sent (6.5%). These were predominantly Gram‑negative (92%) with Klebsiella contributing to the majority of them. Extended spectrum beta‑lactamase production was seen in 59% of all isolates. Multidrug resistance phenotype was seen in 48%, extreme drug resistance in 32% and pan drug resistance in 16% of Gram‑negative isolates. Klebsiella predominated in all of these isolates. Mortality resulted in 15% isolates, majorly contributed by Klebsiella. Colistin was the most sensitive antibiotic (75% sensitivity) and in significant number of cases the only salvage option. CONCLUSION: Gram‑negative bacteria are the most common etiologic agents. The emergence of drug resistant strains of Klebsiella and the poor sensitivity of most of these strains to common first choice empiric agents is alarming. Low prevalence of Gram‑positive organisms questions the routine use of empiric vancomycin.