RÉSUMÉ
Background: One of the vulnerable groups among the population is pregnant and lactating mothers. Among the women in pregnancy it effects the fetal growth and development. Aim of this study is to assess the dietary pattern of pregnant women and lactating mothers and factors related with adequacy of nutrient intake.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study. Study setting was urban slum dwellers of Siddipet. Study period from September 2019 to November 2019. Study population were pregnant and lactating women up to 6 months registered in Anganwadi centre. Sample size was 91 pregnant and 58 lactating women. Sampling methods was simple random sampling method. Data analysis used was SPSS Version 21.Results: Distribution of women according to intake of nutrients revealed that nearly 90% of the pregnant and 50% of the lactating women were not taking adequate calories and proteins respectively. Mean calorie intake in pregnant and lactating women was 1418±192 and 1600±218 respectively (recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calories in pregnant and lactating women was 2580 kcal and 2830 kcal respectively). Mean protein intake in pregnant and lactating women was 47±9 and 51±8 respectively (RDA for protein in pregnant and lactating women was 78 gm and 74 gm respectively). Food taboos were prevalent in both pregnant (42%) and lactating women (55%).Conclusions: Interventions for promoting health education in women need to be strengthened, in order to achieve proper nutrition to women and mothers.
RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: According to WHO with increasing number indiabetic population in India, more patients are going to reportwith ocular Complications. Early diagnosis and managementcan prevent blindness due to end stage diabetic retinopathy.This study was conducted to assess the knowledge andestimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among thestudy subjects who are previously diagnosed with diabetes.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional observational studyconducted in hospital from June 2019 to September 2019.108 previously diagnosed diabetic patients who attended theophthalmology clinic were selected. Detailed history of studyparticipants was collected by administering questionnaire, thequestionnaire was assessed and responses are analysed as poor,average and good for knowledge on diabetic retinopathy andadditional information regarding associated factors, presenceof family history, hypertension, addictions like smokingfollowed by estimation of glycaemic index by checkingHbA1C levels and ophthalmological examination for diabeticretinopathy which was carried out by ophthalmologists.As perthe findings of fundus diabetic retinopathy is graded accordingto ETDRS classification.Results: 108 diabetic patients are included in this studyout of which mean age of males and females were 45.61 ±14.21years and 49.68 ± 17.16 years. Among the 108 diabeticpatients the knowledge on diabetic retinopathy is good in only43 (39.81%).65 (60.19%) suffering with different severityof retinopathy. Of the 65 patients who had signs of diabeticretinopathy there is statistical association with age of thepatients, positive family history of diabetes, poor glycaemiccontrol, duration of diabetes, associated hypertension andsmoking.Conclusion: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 60.9% inthe study population with significant association betweenrisk factors. This study suggests there is immediate need ofcreating awareness among the community along with earlydiagnosis and treatment to prevent avoidable blindness causedby retinopathy.