RÉSUMÉ
Background: Aim of the study was to determine association of maternal serum triglycerides (TG) at term and macrosomia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, RIMS, Manipur. The study was conducted for 2 years duration from September 2019 to August 2021 and 85 singleton term pregnant women with GDM were included. All the patients were subjected to check fasting serum TG, FBS, PPBS. Descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and Inferential statistics like Chi-square test was used for comparing study variables between large for gestational age (LGA) and non LGA group. T-test was used to compare the mean values of age, pre-pregnancy BMI, pregnancy weight gain, OGTT, FBS, PPBS, fasting serum TG between LGA and non LGA group.Results: The observed mean TG values in LGA and non LGA group in our study was 262.35±26.08 and 158.18±13.24 mg/dL respectively. The serum TG values in the LGA group mothers was significantly higher when compared to the non LGA group. The mean weight gain in pregnancy 15.17±1.82 and 9.60±1.47 in LGA and non LGA respectively. The mean BMI comparison among LGA and non LGA are 27.7±1.74 and 22.94±1.6 respectively.Conclusions: It is observed that maternal fasting serum TG may be a strong predictor of foetal size irrespective of the glycemic status. Our study clearly pointed out the usefulness of measuring serum TG in GDM pregnancy. In addition to maternal hypertriglyceridemia, pre-pregnancy BMI, excessive weight gain in pregnancy significantly associated with foetal macrosomia in GDM mothers.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is one of the most common reasons for referral to tertiary care centres with a strong suspicion of malignancy. Endometrial cancer is the most common cause of gynaecological malignancy in the West, but in India the incidence rates are low. Eighty to ninety percent (80-90%) women have benign conditions in India. The aim and objectives of my study are to evaluate causes of PMB and sociodemographic characteristics among postmenopausal women.Methods: A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among women above 45 years with PMB admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, regional institute of medical sciences (RIMS), Imphal. The study was conducted for a period of two years from October 2019 to September 2021.Results: In this study, out of 50 postmenopausal women 35 (70%) belong to age group >50 years and only 15 (30%) belong to age group <50 years. The most common cause of PMB in this study was found to be endometrial atrophy (12 out of 50) and two thirds of them having ET between 2-4 mm. This association is found to be statistically significant. The incidence of genital tract malignancy in our study is 14%. Incidence of endometrial carcinoma (8%) is slightly higher than cervical cancer (6%). The incidence of premalignant lesions (endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) is 20% in this study. The study did not show significant association of clinical variables with benign, premalignant or malignant causes of PMB.Conclusions: With increase in life expectancy the incidence of PMB is expected to increase in future. Since the incidence of malignancy is quite high, any bleeding in that age group should be evaluated in the line of malignancy unless proved to be otherwise.