Frecuencia de periodontitis en una muestra de diabéticos tipo 2 y no diabéticos de Santiago de Chile / Frequency of periodontitis in a sample of type 2 diabetics and non diabetics

Background: Periodontitis is highly prevalent in the general population and some diseases such as diabetes could favor its development, reaching a prevalence of over 60 percent. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of periodontitis in a sample of DM2 patients and to compare it with non-diabetic subjects. Patients and Methods: We enrolled patients with DM2 and non-diabetic adult subjects. According to periodontal diagnosis, they were classified as healthy, having mild to moderate periodontitis and having severe periodontitis. Anthropometric assessment was performed and a fasting blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose and lipid profile. In diabetics, HbA1c, creatinine, microalbuminuria, EKG and fundoscopy were evaluated. Results: We studied 62 patients with DM2, aged 55.2 +/- 9.4 years and with 4.7 +/- 4.6 years of diagnosis of diabetes and 65 non-diabetic subjects, aged 50 +/- 9.6 years. Among diabetics, HbA1c values were 7.85 +/- 2.3 percent. The proportion of periodontitis was significantly higher in DM2 than in non-diabetics (98 and 89 percent, p = 0.02). Mild to moderate and severe periodontitis was observed in 39 and 60 percent of diabetic patients, respectively. Among non-diabetics, 11 percent were healthy, 5 percent had gingivitis, 37 percent mild to moderate periodontitis and 48 percent had severe periodontitis. The frequency of chronic complications of diabetes was low, except for positive microalbuminuria, that was present in 42.6 percent of patients. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of periodontitis in diabetic and no diabetic patients, but among the former, it was near to 100 percent. Periodontal examination should be considered as part of the evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Estado de salud periodontal en diabéticos tipo 1, de 18 a 30 años de edad, de Santiago de Chile / Periodontal disease in Chilean type I diabetic patients between 18 and 30 years old

Background: The prevalence of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, is higher in diabetic patients and can have severe functional and esthetic consequences early in their lives. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetics, aged between 18 and 30 years old, living in Santiago de Chile. Subjects and methods: One hundred male and female type 1 diabetics were examined. Glycated hemoglobin A1c, microalbuminuria, and fundoscopy were assessed in a sample of 52 subjects, separated in two groups according to the presence of periodontal disease. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis was 22 percent, periodontitis 41 percent. Only 37 percent of subjects were free of periodontal disease. When compared with patients without periodontal disease, in the group of patients with the disease there was a higher proportion of subjects with diabetes lasting more than 10 years (28 and 55 percent respectively) and a higher proportion of patients with chronic complications of diabetes (42 and 58 percent respectively). Conclusions: A high prevalence of periodontal diseases was observed in this sample of diabetic patients. A long history of diabetes and the presence of chronic complications were risk factors for these diseases in the analyzed sample