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1.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(3): 205-211, July-Sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045576

Résumé

ABSTRACT The rice stem bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stal (Hem.: Pentatomidae), is one of the main insect pests in Brazilian rice crops. Knowledge of its spatiotemporal distribution can support the development of an effective sampling system and improve IPM strategies. This study aimed to map the spatiotemporal distribution of rice stem bug in flooded rice crop in Southern Brazil. Flooded rice crop was scouted for two seasons to estimate insect densities. Four occurrence categories were observed: no insect, only adults, only nymphs, and both phases. The relationship between phenological stages and insect categories was established. Interpolation (mapping) of occurrence categories of T. limbativentris was performed by multiquadric equations. In two seasons during the rice cycle, the results indicate that rice stem bug "adults" were the most abundant category until the mid-vegetative phase of the rice; "nymphs" were the most abundant from the end of vegetative phase; "adults + nymphs" occurred from the beginning of reproductive phase; there were no rice stem bugs in more than 66% of the area, as they were most concentrated near the edge of the crop. The information presented here provides further knowledge about T. limbativentris spatiotemporal dynamics that can be applied to improve IPM strategies, such as developing sampling plans and localized control measures at the edge of rice fields.

2.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 48(6): e20170710, 2018. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045136

Résumé

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this article was to evaluate the behavior and relationship of the range and components of SDI (Spatial Dependence Index) in general and in function of field factors such as soil types, type of attribute and soil layers. This evaluation was based on real data collected in national journals. It was noticed that the parameter range, in general and for different field factors, presented asymmetric positive behavior. The components of the SDI showed approximately symmetrical behavior. The SDI can capture the range behavior more intensely (the spatial variability behavior in the horizontal direction of the semivariogram), and, in a less intense way, the behavior of the contribution and sill parameters (the spatial dependence behavior in the vertical direction of the semivariogram). Thus, the SDI describes the behavior of spatial dependence of the total set of aspects of the semivariogram.


RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o comportamento e o relacionamento do alcance e dos componentes do IDE (Índice de Dependência Espacial) em geral e em função de fatores de campo, tais como tipos de solo, tipo de atributo e profundidades de solo. Esta avaliação foi baseada em dados reais coletados em periódicos nacionais. Foi observado que o parâmetro alcance, em geral, e para diferentes fatores de campo, apresentou comportamento de assimetria positiva. Os componentes do IDE apresentaram comportamento aproximadamente simétrico. O IDE consegue captar, de forma mais intensa, o comportamento do alcance (o comportamento da variabilidade espacial no sentido horizontal do semivariograma), e, de forma menos intensa, o comportamento dos parâmetros contribuição e patamar (o comportamento da dependência espacial no sentido vertical do semivariograma). Assim, o IDE descreve o comportamento de dependência espacial de toda a gama de aspectos do semivariograma.

3.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(6): 1006-1012, 06/2015. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-747089

Résumé

Tibraca limbativentris (rice stem bug) is an insect highly injurious to the rice crop in Brazil. The aim of this research was to define the spatial distribution of the T. limbativentris and improve the sampling process by means of geostatistical application techniques and construction of prediction maps in a flooded rice field located in the "Planalto da Campanha" Region, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The experiments were conducted in rice crop in the municipality of Itaqui - RS, in the crop years of 2009/10, 2010/11 and 2011/12, counting fortnightly the number of nymphs and adults in a georeferenced grid with points spaced at 50m in the first year and in 10m in the another years. It was performed a geostatistical analysis by means adjusting semivariogram and interpolation of numeric data by kriging to verify the spatial dependence and the subsequent mapping population. The results obtained indicated that the rice stem bug, T. limbativentris, has a strong spatial dependence. The prediction maps allow estimating population density of the pest and visualization of the spatial distribution in flooded rice fields, enabling the improvement of the traditional method of sampling for rice stem bug.


Tibraca limbativentris (percevejo-do-colmo) é um inseto altamente prejudicial à cultura do arroz no Brasil. O objetivo com este trabalho foi definir a distribuição espacial de T. limbativentris e aperfeiçoar o método de amostragem por meio da aplicação de técnicas geoestatísticas e construção de mapas de predição em arrozal irrigado por inundação, no Planalto da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul. Os experimentos foram realizados em lavoura de arroz situada no município de Itaqui - RS, nos anos agrícolas de 2009/10, 2010/11 e 2011/12, efetuando-se amostragens quinzenais para contagem de ninfas e adultos, conforme grids georreferenciados com pontos espaçados em 50m na primeira safra e em 10m nas demais safras. Realizou-se a análise geoestatística via ajuste de semivariogramas e da interpolação dos dados numéricos por krigagem ordinária para verificar a dependência espacial e posterior mapeamento populacional. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o percevejo do colmo, T. limbativentris, possui forte dependência espacial. Os mapas de predição permitem estimar a densidade populacional da praga e a visualização de sua distribuição espacial em lavoura de arroz irrigado por inundação, possibilitando o aperfeiçoamento do método de amostragem tradicional para o percevejo-do-colmo.

4.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 81(1): 62-67, mar. 2014. tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-909150

Résumé

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a diversidade da micobiota parasitária e o tempo decorrido até o início do parasitismo de escleródios de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum em solos da fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Foram coletados solos agrícolas e não agrícolas de cinco localidades na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul. O isolamento dos fungos foi realizado por meio do teste de iscas, sendo que as iscas foram os escleródios do fitopatógeno, os quais permaneceram enterrados no solo durante 15, 30 e 60 dias. Os fungos foram identificados em nível de gênero. Os gêneros fúngicos encontrados parasitando escleródios foram: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pythium (Cromista), Clonostachys rosea (Gliocladium), Chaetomium, Curvularia, Phytophthora (Cromista), Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Mucor, Acremonium, Periconia e Isaria.Observou-se que os escleródios foram parasitados pelos fungos até 15 dias depois de serem enterrados, e deste período em diante apenas a frequência de ocorrência dos fungos mudou. Concluiu-se que os gêneros fúngicos Isaria, Periconia, Acremonium, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Phytophthora, Curvularia e Chaetomium são encontrados em solos agrícolas e não agrícolas na fronteira oeste do RS, e não foram citados anteriormente em outros trabalhos. Existe diversidade de fungos parasitários de escleródios de S. sclerotiorum nos solos da fronteira oeste do RS, os quais podem ser utilizados em experimentos para compor um programa de controle biológico desse fitopatógeno. Os escleródios são parasitados pelos fungos durante até 15 dias, após os mesmos serem enterrados no solo.(AU)


The aim of this study was to identify the diversity of the parasitic mycoflora and to identify the necessary time until the beginning of the parasitism of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soils of the western frontier of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Agricultural and non agricultural soils of five locations in the western frontier of Rio Grande do Sul were collected. The fungi isolation was performed by testing baits, and baits were the sclerotia of the phytopathogen, which remained buried in the soil for 15, 30 and 60 days. The fungi were identified at the genus level. The following fungal genera were found parasitizing sclerotia: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Pythium (Cromista) Clonostachys rosea (Gliocladium), Chaetomium, Curvularia, Phytophthora (Cromista), Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Mucor, Acremonium, Periconia and Isaria. It was observed that the sclerotia were parasitized by fungi until 15 days after they had been buried. And after this period, only the frequency of occurrence of fungi has changed. It was concluded that the fungal genera Isaria, Periconia, Acremonium, Lichtheimia (Absidia), Phytophthora, Curvularia and Chaetomium are found both in agricultural and non-agricultural soils on the western frontier of RS, but they were not previously cited in other works. There is diversity of parasitic fungi of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in the soils of the western frontier of the RS, which can be used in experiments to compose biological control programs for this pathogen. The sclerotia are parasitized by fungi until 15 days after being buried underground.(AU)


Sujets)
Ascomycota , Analyse du Sol , Mycobiome , Lutte biologique contre les nuisibles
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