Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases: Programming and Reprogramming

Abstract The Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) is an area of science dedicated to studying the processes by which insults during critical periods of mammals development leading to physiological changes resultig in diseases throughout life. Studies point to a complex interaction between nutritional status in early life and cardiovascular system homeostasis in which maternal malnutrition during gestation and/or lactation, as well as early weaning, are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In this context, epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and change in microRNA expression have been considered molecular bases of cellular plasticity, which can also be gender-dependent. Experimental studies have demonstrated that interventions encompassing the consumption of functional food/bioactive compounds, as well as energetic and nutrients adjustments on the diet, may attenuate or even prevent consequences associated with plasticity of development, improving cardiovascular health. This review aimed to gather and discuss the findings within this context, published over the last ten years.

A influência do isolamento social devido à covid-19 na saúde mental do público infantil / The influence of social isolation due to COVID-19 on the mental health of children / La influencia del aislamiento social por el covid-19 en la salud mental de los niños

As infecções provocadas pelo coronavírus afetaram todos os países do mundo. Com a pandemia, surgiram muitos desafios a serem enfrentados para superar essa crise global. A quantidade de óbitos, o isolamento social e a incerteza das consequências futuras desse problema têm sido alguns dos principais fatores responsáveis por gerar instabilidade emocional nos indivíduos. Entre os grupos populacionais afetados, as crianças são as vítimas mais vulneráveis devido à prematuridade psicológica e à inabilidade de lidar com crises. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e PubMed, a fim de investigar quais os efeitos da pandemia na saúde mental do público infantil. A amostra final foi composta de dez artigos. A partir da análise desses textos, pode-se perceber reflexos nas transformações de humor e de comportamento em crianças no contexto de isolamento social. O aumento da permanência em casa, a necessidade de se adaptar a atividades escolares virtuais, a privação do convívio social com outros da mesma idade e a maior exposição a telas nomearam os principais pontos percebidos. A pesquisa mostrou efeitos esperados da pandemia e identificou o despreparo das escolas e dos familiares em promover suporte emocional para esses menores. Dessa forma, é fundamental a realização de estudos sobre a temática com o objetivo de compreender as melhores medidas a serem adotadas para reduzir os efeitos negativos da pandemia na vida desse público.

Coronavirus infections affected all countries worldwide. With the pandemic came many challenges to be faced to overcome this global crisis. The number of deaths, the social isolation, and the uncertainty about the future consequences of this problem have been some of the main factors responsible for generating emotional instability in individuals. Among the affected population groups, children are the most vulnerable due to their psychological prematurity and inability to cope with crises. Thus, an integrative review research was carried out in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and PubMed databases to investigate the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of children. The final sample comprised 10 studies. The text analysis shows reflexes in the transformations of mood and behavior in children in the context of social isolation. Increased home stay, the need to adapt to virtual school activities, the deprivation of social interaction with peers, and increased exposure to screens were the main points perceived. The research showed the expected effects of the pandemic and identified the unpreparedness of schools and family members to provide emotional support to these minors. Thus, it is essential to carry out further studies on the subject to understand the best measures to be adopted to reduce the negative effects of the pandemic in the lives of childrens.

Las infecciones provocadas por el coronavirus afectaron a todo el mundo. Junto a esta pandemia, han surgido muchos retos a enfrentarse para superar esta crisis global. El número de muertes, el aislamiento social y la incertidumbre de las consecuencias futuras de este problema han sido algunos de los principales factores responsables de generar inestabilidad emocional en los individuos. De los grupos afectados, los niños son las víctimas más vulnerables debido a la prematuridad psicológica y la incapacidad para hacer frente a las crisis. Así, se llevó a cabo una revisión integradora en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y PubMed, con el fin de investigar los efectos de la pandemia en la salud mental de los niños. La muestra final estuvo formada por diez artículos. A partir del análisis de estos textos, es posible notar transformaciones en el estado de ánimo y el comportamiento de los niños en el contexto del aislamiento. La permanencia en casa, la necesidad de adaptarse a las clases remotas, la privación de interacción social y el aumento del tiempo de uso de pantallas nombraron los principales puntos percibidos. La investigación mostró los efectos esperados de la pandemia y también identificó la falta de preparación de las escuelas y los miembros de la familia para promover el apoyo emocional de estos menores. Por tanto, es fundamental realizar estudios sobre el tema para comprender las mejores medidas que se debe tomar para reducir los efectos negativos de la pandemia en la vida de este público.

Rosai-Dorfman disease with spontaneous resolution: case report of a child

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a self-limiting condition caused by histiocyte proliferation within the sinusoids of lymph nodes and in extranodal tissue. It is a rare disease, particularly in children, that progresses with extensive lymphadenopathy. This paper reports on the case of a 2-year-old child with progressive cervical lymphadenopathy associated with persistent fever and radiological findings suggestive of lymphoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies of a lymph node biopsy established the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. Both lymphadenopathy and fever resolved spontaneously.