Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia/carcinoma

Background/Aims@#Some sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) progress into dysplasia and colorectal cancer, however, the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of SSLs with dysplasia remain to be determined. In this study, we elucidated these characteristics in SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma, compared with those of SSLs without dysplasia. @*Methods@#We retrospectively collected the clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data of 254 SSLs from 216 patients endoscopically resected between January 2009 and December 2020. @*Results@#All SSLs included 179 without dysplasia and 75 with dysplasia/carcinoma, including 55 with low-grade dysplasia, 10 with high-grade dysplasia, and 10 with submucosal cancer. In clinical characteristics, SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma were significantly associated with advanced age, metabolic diseases, and high-risk adenomas. In endoscopic characteristics, SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma were significantly associated with the distal colon, large size, polypoid morphology, surface-changes, no mucus cap, and narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classification (NICE) type 2/3. In the multivariate analysis, high-risk adenomas (odds ratio [OR], 2.98; p = 0.01), large size (OR, 1.18; p < 0.01), depression (OR, 11.74; p = 0.03), and NICE type 2/3 (OR, 14.97; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma. @*Conclusions@#SSLs had a higher risk of dysplasia in the distal colon than in the proximal colon. SSLs with large size, depression, and adenomatous surface-patterns, as well as those in patients with high-risk adenomas, increased the risk of dysplasia/ carcinoma. This suggests that the clinical and endoscopic characteristics can aid in the diagnosis and management of SSLs with dysplasia/carcinoma.

A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Nasal Cavity Treated with Conversion to Sirolimus in a Patient with Kidney Transplantation / 대한이식학회지

Conversion of immunosuppressants to sirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, is a useful treatment option for prevention of the adverse events of immunosuppressants such as calcineurin inhibitor in renal transplantation recipients. In addition, sirolimus has been improving the quality of life and increasing the survival of patients with renal transplantation by decreasing immunosuppression-related malignancies, particularly skin cancer. However, complete remission of skin squamous cell carcinoma after renal transplantation only by conversion to sirolimus has not been well reported, although its preventive effect on skin cancer is well known. We report on a 72-year-old male with squamous cell carcinoma in his nasal cavity consequent to renal transplantation, which was treated completely with the conversion of cyclosporine to sirolimus without surgical removal or chemotherapy.

A Case of Intrathoracic Omental Herniation through the Esophageal Hiatus in a Patient with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis / 대한내과학회지

Intrathoracic omental herniation through the esophageal hiatus is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a 57-year-old male with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who was admitted to our hospital after experiencing nausea and abdominal discomfort for 3 days. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a fatty mass, extended continuously through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity. Laparoscopic surgery revealed an omental herniation through the esophageal hiatus. There was no herniation of the stomach or intestines. Peritoneal dialysis was resumed six weeks later. This is a report of omental herniation through the esophageal hiatus in a patient with CAPD.

A Case of Sigmoid Colon Tuberculosis Mimicking Colon Cancer

Tuberculosis of the sigmoid colon is a rare disorder. An 80-year-old man visited Bongseng Memorial Hospital for medical examination. A colonoscopy was performed, and a lesion in the sigmoid colon that was suspected to be colon cancer was found. A biopsy was performed, and tuberculous enteritis with chronic granulomatous inflammation was diagnosed. Intestinal tuberculosis is most frequent in the ileocecal area, followed by the ascending colon, transverse colon, duodenum, stomach, and sigmoid colon, in descending order. Hence, we report a case of intestinal tuberculosis in the sigmoid colon, which is rare and almost indistinguishable from colon cancer.

Acute Renal Failure in a Renal Allograft Recipient Caused by a Post-Biopsy Renal Arteriovenous Fistula with Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis / 대한이식학회지

Renal biopsy is an essential diagnostic tool for detecting acute and chronic kidney rejection as well as recurrent and de novo nephropathies in renal allograft recipients. However, a well-known complication of percutaneous renal biopsy is arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Most post-biopsy AVFs are asymptomatic and regress spontaneously but some AVFs result in hypertension, hematuria, and renal insufficiency. Whether post-biopsy AVF superimposed on transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) also regresses spontaneously is unknown. We present a case of acute renal insufficiency in a 51-year-old female renal allograft recipient with post-biopsy AVF and TRAS. Percutaneous angioplasty with stent implantation was performed for the TRAS and transcatheter arterial coil embolization therapy applied for AVF. The patient's renal function returned to baseline levels and is currently being followed up for 6 months.

Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in Kidney Transplantation and End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Dialysis / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Heart rate variability (HRV) is a method for evaluation of autonomic nervous system activity by expressing the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones. Some studies of HRV in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been performed in Korea. However, few have examined kidney transplantation (KT) patients. Therefore, we investigated autonomic nervous system activity by means of HRV in patients with KT due to ESRD. METHODS: We compared the pattern of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity by time- and frequency-domain analysis of HRV with 24-h Holter monitoring of 23 KT and 56 dialysis patients. Patients underwent KT between January, 2008 and June, 2011. RESULTS: The mean ages of KT and dialysis patients were 54.2 +/- 12.3 and 53.7 +/- 12.6 years, respectively. The KT group showed increased time- and frequency-domain HRV (including HRV index), very low frequency (VLF), means and standard deviations of all normal R-R intervals for all 5-min segments of the entire recording (SDNNi), low frequency (LF), LF in normalized units (LF norm), and LF to high-frequency power ratio, compared with the dialysis group. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic tone in patients with KT is higher than that in patients with ESRD on dialysis.