Lipid markers and targets of coronary artery disease based on lipidomics / 药学学报

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, the coronary artery stenosis or occlusion caused by atherosclerosis leads to myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or necrosis, that is main histopathological features of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis relates closely to abnormal lipid regulation, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Cardiac enzymes and high, low-density lipoprotein are currently used to diagnose a variety of coronary artery diseases, but the evidence is inadequate. Thus, new cardioprotective therapies are required to explore sensitive molecular markers for the prediction of cardiovascular events. Lipids have an important role in maintaining the myocardial cell structure as well as cardiac function. Lipidomics is a newly emerged discipline that studies lipids on a large scale. Recent advancements in lipidomics on coronary artery disease have shown that certain lipids, such as ceramide, sphingosine, lysophosphatidic acid, oxidized lipids, and so on, are associated with the clinical classification and characteristics of coronary artery disease. In addition, recent studies of lipid profiles of the cardiac, fat, liver, and other tissue samples in animal models also have provided a novel viewpoint. Given the increasing application of lipidomics techniques for coronary artery disease, we provide a review of lipidomics technology, sensitive lipid markers, recent studies of therapeutic targets, and drug discovery for coronary artery disease.

Study on chemical constituents from inflorescence of Echinops latifolius / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of the inflorescence of Echinops latifolius as a Mongolia herbal medicine. Methods The compounds were and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including MS and NMR. Results Fourteen compounds were isolatied from the inflorescence of E. latifolius Tausch, and identified as ψ-taraxasteryl acetate (1), apigenin (2), daucosterol (3), 13-propyl-pentacosane (4), apigenin 7-O-(4″-O-p-coumaroyl)-β-glucoside (5), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (6), caffeic acid (7), 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (9), methyl 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (10), methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (11), apigenin 7-O-β-D-(4″-p-coumaroyl) glucoside (12), 3,4-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (13), and methyl-1-O-methyl 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid (14). Conclusion Compounds 1, 4, 5, and 12 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 7-11, 13, and 14 are isolated from the genus Echinops for the first time.

Research progress of serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Serum pharmacochemistry of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is an effective method to rapidly screen the effective substances and reveal the compatibility law of compound by identification and analysis of constituents migrating to blood after oral administration. In the last two decades, it has been universally accepted and widely applied in the field. With the cross-fusion with other disciplines, such as serum pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, metabolomics, network pharmacology and systems biology, serum pharmacochemistry shows comprehensive superiority in explaining drug changes in vivo and in vitro, interactions between drugs, interactions between drug and body, which coincides with the complexity of TCM compatibility, multi-components, multi-targets and multi-mechanisms. Based on the references related with the serum pharmacochemistry from CNKI scholar and Pubmed in 2013-2016, the research results of serum pharmacochemistry were statistically analyzed, and the key technical problems during the study of serum pharmacochemistry, for example, preparation of test sample, selection of experimental animal, determination of drug delivery scheme, method and time of the adoption blood, preparation and pretreatment of blood sample, as well as analysis of constituents migrating to blood, and the solving ways were empirically introduced. In addition, the development and comprehensive application of serum pharmacochemistry in TCM were summarized in this paper, hoping to lay a foundation for the further application of this method in TCM research.

Chemical constituents from Mongolian herb Syringa pinnatifolia var. alashanensis / 中国天然药物

Two new sesquiterpenes, innatifolone A (1) and pinnatifolone B (2), along with 6 known compounds, furostan (3), isocalamendiol (4), pluviatolide (5), (8S,8'R,9S)-cubebin (6), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) tetrahydrofuran (7), and methyl 3-acetoxy-12-oleanen-28-oate (8), were isolated from Mongolian herb Syringa pinnatifolia.

Chemical constituents from flowers of Scabiosa tschilliensis / 中国中药杂志

Twenty-two compounds were isolated from the flowers of Scabiosa tschilliensis. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as octacosanol (1), stearic acid (2), β-sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), apigenin (5), luteolin (6), daucosterol (7), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-6-O-(p-hydroxycinnamoyl) -glucopyranoside (8), kaempferol-3-O-β-D- (3, 6-di-p-(hydroxycinnamoyl) -glucopyranoside (9), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (12), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), apigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), caffeic acid methyl ester (15), loganin (16), adenosine (17), luteolin-6-C-β-D-glycopyranosyl (18), sweroside (19), sylvestrosides I (20), sylvestrosides II (21), urceolide (22). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 7-9, 12, 15, 17-18, 20-22 were isolated from the genus Scabiosa for the first time, and compounds 1-4, 6-9, 11-12, 14-22 were isolated from this plant for the first time. 13C-NMR data of 22 were reported for the first time.

The megastigman glycosides from herb of Potentilla multifida / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla multifida.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four megastigmane glycosides were isolated from P. multifida and their structures were identified as citroside A (1), icariside B1 (2), (6S,7E,9R)-roseoside (3), (6S,7E,9R)-vomifoliol-9-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were obtained from the genus Potentilla for the first time.</p>