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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(3): 449-466, 2013. ilus, tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-684163

Résumé

O processo inflamatório é o elo entre a síndrome metabólica e as doenças cardiovasculares. Para verificar a presença e o grau da inflamação, vários biomarcadores têm sido propostos e investigados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as recentes pesquisas que associam alguns marcadores expressos no tecido adiposo, enfatizando, dentre eles, a adiponectina, a resistina, a leptina e o transportador de glicose GLUT-4 na síndrome metabólica, a relação da inflamação decorrente desse conjunto de desordens metabólicas sob os receptores proliferadores peroxissomais (PPARs), bem como o efeito de diferentes extratos vegetais e produtos naturais bioativos na ativação desses receptores.


The inflammatory process is the link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. To verify the presence and degree of inflammation, several biomarkers have been proposed and different receptors have been investigated. This study aims to review recent researches involving some markers expressed in the adipose tissue, emphasizing, among them, adiponectin, resistin, leptin and glucose transporter GLUT-4 in the metabolic syndrome, the relationship of inflammation arising from this set of metabolic disorders on the peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPARs) and the effect of different bioactive compounds in the activation of these receptors.


Sujets)
Récepteurs activés par les proliférateurs de peroxysomes/pharmacologie , Produits biologiques/usage thérapeutique , Tissu adipeux , Syndrome métabolique X/diagnostic , Adipokines , Anti-inflammatoires/analyse
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(7): 601-609, July 2012. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-639459

Résumé

Pequi is the fruit of Caryocar brasiliense and its oil has a high concentration of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which are anti- and pro-atherogenic agents, respectively, and of carotenoids, which give it antioxidant properties. Our objective was to study the effect of the intake of a cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with pequi oil, compared to the same diet containing soybean oil, on atherosclerosis development, and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis-susceptible LDL receptor-deficient mice (LDLr-/-, C57BL/6-background). Female mice were fed a cholesterol-rich diet containing 7% soybean oil (Soybean group, N = 12) or 7% pequi oil (Pequi group, N = 12) for 6 weeks. The Pequi group presented a more atherogenic lipid profile and more advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root compared to the Soybean group. However, the Pequi group presented a less advanced lesion in the aorta than the Soybean group and showed lower lipid peroxidation (Soybean group: 50.2 ± 7.1; Pequi group: 30.0 ± 4.8 µmol MDA/mg protein) and anti-oxidized LDL autoantibodies (Soybean group: 35.7 ± 9.4; Pequi group: 15.6 ± 3.7 arbitrary units). Peritoneal macrophages from the Pequi group stimulated with zymosan showed a reduction in the release of reactive oxygen species compared to the Soybean group. Our data suggest that a pequi oil-rich diet slows atherogenesis in the initial stages, possibly due to its antioxidant activity. However, the increase of serum cholesterol induces a more prominent LDL migration toward the intimae of arteries, increasing the advanced atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, pequi oil associated with an atherogenic diet worsens the lipid profile and accelerates the formation of advanced atherosclerotic lesions despite its antioxidant action.


Sujets)
Animaux , Femelle , Souris , Antioxydants/pharmacologie , Athérosclérose/étiologie , Cholestérol alimentaire/effets indésirables , Régime athérogène/effets indésirables , Matières grasses alimentaires insaturées/pharmacologie , Huile de soja/pharmacologie , Theales/composition chimique , Compléments alimentaires , Matières grasses alimentaires insaturées/effets indésirables , Peroxydation lipidique , Huile de soja/effets indésirables
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(11): 1042-1046, Nov. 2010. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-564130

Résumé

We determined the effects of exercise training and detraining on the morphological and mechanical properties of left ventricular myocytes in 4-month-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) randomly divided into the following groups: sedentary for 8 weeks (SED-8), sedentary for 12 weeks (SED-12), treadmill-running trained for 8 weeks (TRA, 16 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week), and treadmill-running trained for 8 weeks followed by 4 weeks of detraining (DET). At sacrifice, left ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically, and resting cell length, width, and cell shortening after stimulation at a frequency of 1 Hz (~25°C) were measured. Cell length was greater in TRA than in SED-8 (161.30 ± 1.01 vs 156.10 ± 1.02 μm, P < 0.05, 667 vs 618 cells, respectively) and remained larger after detraining. Cell width and volume were unaffected by either exercise training or detraining. Cell length to width ratio was higher in TRA than in SED-8 (8.50 ± 0.08 vs 8.22 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) and was maintained after detraining. Exercise training did not affect cell shortening, which was unchanged with detraining. TRA cells exhibited higher maximum velocity of shortening than SED-8 (102.01 ± 4.50 vs 82.01 ± 5.30 μm/s, P < 0.05, 70 cells per group), with almost complete regression after detraining. The maximum velocity of relengthening was higher in TRA cells than in SED-8 (88.20 ± 4.01 vs70.01 ± 4.80 μm/s, P < 0.05), returning to sedentary values with detraining. Therefore, exercise training affected left ventricle remodeling in SHR towards eccentric hypertrophy, which remained after detraining. It also improved single left ventricular myocyte contractile function, which was reversed by detraining.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Contraction myocardique/physiologie , Myocytes cardiaques/physiologie , Conditionnement physique d'animal , Remodelage ventriculaire/physiologie , Pression sanguine/physiologie , Déconditionnement cardiovasculaire/physiologie , Rats de lignée SHR , Fonction ventriculaire gauche/physiologie
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(12): 1167-1172, Dec. 2009. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-532289

Résumé

We determined the effect of fish oil (FO) ingestion on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats received 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 3-day intervals and were fed a diet containing 18 percent by weight FO (N = 10) or soybean oil (SO, N = 10) for 36 weeks. At sacrifice, the colon was removed, aberrant crypt foci were counted and the fatty acid profile was determined. Intestinal tumors were removed and classified as adenoma or carcinoma. Liver and feces were collected and analyzed for fatty acid profile. FO reduced the mean (± SEM) number of aberrant crypt foci compared to SO (113.55 ± 6.97 vs 214.60 ± 18.61; P < 0.05) and the incidence of adenoma (FO: 20 percent vs SO: 100 percent), but carcinoma occurred equally in FO and SO rats (2 animals per group). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of the colon was affected by diet (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 8.18 ± 0.97 vs SO: 1.71 ± 0.54 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 3.83 ± 0.59 vs SO: 10.43 ± 1.28 percent). The same occurred in the liver (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 34.41 ± 2.6 vs SO: 6.46 ± 0.59 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 8.73 ± 1.37 vs SO: 42.12 ± 2.33 percent). The PUFA profile of the feces and liver polyamine levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that chronic FO ingestion protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and adenoma development, but not against carcinoma in rats.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Adénocarcinome/prévention et contrôle , Carcinomes/prévention et contrôle , Tumeurs du côlon/prévention et contrôle , Huiles de poisson/administration et posologie , États précancéreux/prévention et contrôle , Adénocarcinome/induit chimiquement , Adénocarcinome/anatomopathologie , Cancérogènes , Carcinomes/induit chimiquement , Carcinomes/anatomopathologie , Tumeurs du côlon/induit chimiquement , Tumeurs du côlon/anatomopathologie , Acides gras insaturés , États précancéreux/induit chimiquement , États précancéreux/anatomopathologie , Rat Wistar
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 41(11): 1000-1004, Nov. 2008. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-500366

Résumé

We determined the effect of long-term aerobic swimming training regimens of different intensities on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats (11 weeks old) were given 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH, dissolved in 0.9 percent NaCl containing 1.5 percent EDTA, pH 6.5), at 3-day intervals and divided into three exercise groups that swam with 0 percent body weight (EG1, N = 11), 2 percent body weight (EG2, N = 11), and 4 percent body weight of load (EG3, N = 10), 20 min/day, 5 days/week for 35 weeks, and one sedentary control group (CG, N = 10). At sacrifice, the colon was removed and counted for tumors and aberrant crypt foci. Tumor size was measured and intra-abdominal fat was weighed. The mean number of aberrant crypt foci was reduced only for EG2 compared to CG (26.21 ± 2.99 vs 36.40 ± 1.53 crypts; P < 0.05). Tumor incidence was not significantly different among groups (CG: 90 percent; EG1: 72.7 percent; EG2: 90 percent; EG3: 80 percent). Swimming training did not affect either tumor multiplicity (CG: 2.30 ± 0.58; EG1: 2.09 ± 0.44; EG2: 1.27 ± 0.19; EG3: 1.50 ± 0.48 tumors) or size (CG: 1.78 ± 0.24; EG1: 1.81 ± 0.14; EG2: 1.55 ± 0.21; EG3: 2.17 ± 0.22 cm³). Intra-abdominal fat was not significantly different among groups (CG: 10.54 ± 2.73; EG1: 6.12 ± 1.15; EG2: 7.85 ± 1.24; EG3: 5.11 ± 0.74 g). Aerobic swimming training with 2 percent body weight of load protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions, but not against tumor development in the rat.


Sujets)
Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Tumeurs du côlon/anatomopathologie , Conditionnement physique d'animal , États précancéreux/anatomopathologie , Natation , Cancérogènes , Tumeurs du côlon/induit chimiquement , Tumeurs du côlon/prévention et contrôle , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , États précancéreux/induit chimiquement , États précancéreux/prévention et contrôle , Répartition aléatoire , Rat Wistar
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(12): 1539-1545, Dec. 2001. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-301411

Résumé

Although the role of oxidized lipoproteins is well known in atherogenesis, the role of vitamin E supplementation is still controversial. There is also little information about cholesterol metabolism (hepatic concentration and fecal excretion) in the new models of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of moderate vitamin E supplementation on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E (apo E)-deficient mice. Apo E-deficient mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 40 or 400 mg/kg of alpha-tocopherol acetate for 6 weeks. Total cholesterol in serum and liver and 3-OH-alpha-sterols in feces, and fecal excretion of bile acids were determined and histological analyses of aortic lesion were performed. A vitamin E-rich diet did not affect body weight, food intake or serum cholesterol. Serum and hepatic concentrations of cholesterol as well as sterol concentration in feces were similar in both groups. However, when compared to controls, the alpha-tocopherol-treated mice showed a reduction of about 60 percent in the atherosclerotic lesions when both the sum of lesion areas and the average of the largest lesion area were considered. These results demonstrate that supplementation of moderate doses of alpha-tocopherol was able to slow atherogenesis in apo E-deficient mice and to reduce atherogenic lipoproteins without modifying the hepatic pool or fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids


Sujets)
Animaux , Souris , Antioxydants , Apolipoprotéines E , Cholestérol , Régime athérogène , Vitamine E , Aorte , Acides et sels biliaires , Poids , Cholestérol , Fèces , Foie , Souris de lignée C57BL
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