Construction of a machine learning model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques based on radiomics / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To construct a radiomics model for identifying clinical high-risk carotid plaques. Methods     A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with carotid artery stenosis in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from December 2016 to June 2022. The patients were classified as a clinical high-risk carotid plaque group and a clinical low-risk carotid plaque group according to the occurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack and other cerebrovascular clinical symptoms within six months. Six machine learning models including eXtreme Gradient Boosting, support vector machine, Gaussian Naive Bayesian, logical regression, K-nearest neighbors and artificial neural network were established. We also constructed a joint predictive model combined with logistic regression analysis of clinical risk factors. Results    Finally 652 patients were collected, including 427 males and 225 females, with an average age of 68.2 years. The results showed that the prediction ability of eXtreme Gradient Boosting was the best among the six machine learning models, and the area under the curve (AUC) in validation dataset was 0.751. At the same time, the AUC of eXtreme Gradient Boosting joint prediction model established by clinical data and carotid artery imaging data validation dataset was 0.823. Conclusion     Radiomics features combined with clinical feature model can effectively identify clinical high-risk carotid plaques.

A Retrospective Study on the Qianyang Fengsui Dan Combined with Flying Needle Therapy in the Treatment of Kidney-Yang Deficiency Type of Insomnia / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of the Qianyang Fengsui Dan(combined with flying needle therapy)in the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency type of insomnia.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to select 82 patients with insomnia admitted to the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Dezhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to November 2021,and they were divided into an observation group and a control group according to whether or not they were treated with Qianyang Fengsui Dan combined with flying needle therapy,with 41 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Estazolam,while the observation group was treated with Qianyang Fengsui Dan combined with flying needle therapy on the basis of the treatment of the control group,and the course of treatment was 1 month.The changes of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)scores,as well as polysomnographic parameters were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.The changes of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glutamate(GA),substance P(SP),and neuropeptide Y(NPY)levels were compared before and after treatment between the two groups.And followed up for 1 year to compare the incidence of relapce of the two groups of patients.Results(1)The total effective rate was 95.12%(39/41)in the observation group and 63.41%(26/41)in the control group,and the efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,PSQI scores and ESS scores of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving PSQI scores and ESS scores,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,sleep efficiency,awakening time,sleep latency,REM,and total sleep time were significantly improved in the two groups(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving sleep efficiency,awakening time,sleep latency,REM,and total sleep time,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum GABA,GA,SP,and NPY levels of patients in the two groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group was significantly superior to the control group in improving the serum GABA,GA,SP,and NPY levels,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,follow-up for 1 year,the recurrence rate of the observation group was 0,and there were 7 cases of recurrence in the control group,and the recurrence rate of the control group was 17.07%(7/41),and the recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of flying needle therapy and Qianyang Fengsui Dan can effectively relieve insomnia and fatigue in patients with insomnia,reduce daytime drowsiness,regulate the release of blood monoamine neurotransmitters,and reduce the relapse rate,and its efficacy is superior to that of simple western medicine treatment.

Proliferation and metabolic patterns of smooth muscle cells during construction of tissue-engineered blood vessels / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Seed cells are seeded on three-dimensional scaffold materials,and three-dimensional culture in bioreactors is a common in vitro tissue engineering culture method,but the changes in cell proliferation and metabolic patterns in bioengineered blood vessel construction are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To explore the metabolic changes of cells such as oxygen consumption and their causes during the whole process of biological vascular tissue construction by in vitro bioreactor. METHODS:The self-built vascular bioreactor system was used as the platform;bovine vascular smooth muscle cells were used as the seed cells,and a conventional CO2 incubator provided the external gas environment for the cultivation process.Seed cells were seeded on a tubular porous polyglycolic acid scaffold material for three-dimensional culture,and the whole process included a one-week resting period and a seven-week pulsating tensile stress stimulation loading period.A non-invasive monitoring system was built,and the optical dissolved oxygen patch method was used to monitor the changes of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution in the reactor,and the glucose consumption and lactic acid production were measured by regular sampling.CCK-8 assay was used to determine the proliferation of smooth muscle cells on polyglycolic acid three-dimensional scaffold materials.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state and reduction state ratio(NAD+/NADH)was utilized to understand cell proliferation and metabolism in the early stage of culture.RT-qPCR and western blot assay were applied to detect the expression of proliferation-related genes(Ki67)and glycolysis-related genes(GLUT-1,LDHA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The dissolved oxygen level in the culture solution was(4.314±0.380)mg/L from the cell injection to the end of the resting period(the first week),and gradually stabilized at(1.960±0.866)mg/L after the tensile stress stimulation(the last seven weeks);the two had significant changes(P<0.05).(2)The ratio of glucose consumption to lactic acid production in the cell culture medium YL/G increased rapidly after the cells were injected,and the highest value was above 1 on the fifth day,and then slow down to 0.5(The mean value of YL/G in the resting period was 0.89 and the mean value in the pressurized period was 0.57,P<0.05).(3)CCK-8 assay results showed that A450 value gradually increased after the cells were injected,and reached the highest value on the fifth day,reaching 3.17,and then slowly decreased.At the same time,it was found that Ki67 mRNA was up-regulated on the third day of culture,and then declined.The expression level of Ki67 protein was higher from the third day to the fifth day.(4)The detection of NAD+/NADH showed that the increase was obvious from the fifth to the seventh day after the injection of cells,and the expression of glycolysis-related genes(GLUT-1 and LDHA)was up-regulated and changed synchronously,and the relative expression was higher in the first five days.(5)The results showed that the tissue-engineered blood vessels were constructed using the vascular bioreactor and the smooth muscle cells in the early stage mainly proliferated and exhibited a metabolic feature of low oxygen consumption.The metabolic characteristics of high oxygen consumption were observed during the pulsatile tensile stress stimulation stage.

Differential Diagnosis of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced-MRI-Based Radiomics Model for Granulomatous Mastitis and Breast Cancer / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the value of a radiomics model based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer.Materials and Methods The MRI data of 82 patients with granulomatous mastitis or breast cancer confirmed by pathology in Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from February 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively collected.Based on the first phase of DCE-MRI,the regions of interest(ROI)were delineated layer by layer by semi-automatic segmentation method and manual segmentation method,respectively.99 ROI were randomly assigned to 69 in training groups and 30 in test groups.The consistency difference between the two methods was compared.The original data extracted by the semi-automatic segmentation method were screened by correlation analysis and multi-factor Logistic regression.Six kinds of classifiers(Logistic regression,support vector machine,naive Bayes,decision tree,random forest,K nearest neighbor)were used to construct prediction models,and the differences in diagnostic efficiency,accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of each model were evaluated.Results A total of 99 lesions(n=37 cases with granulomatous mastitis and n=62 cases with breast cancer)were segmented from 82 patients.The radiomics data extracted by the two ROI segmentation methods had poor consistency between groups[Intraclass correlation coefficient=0.68(0.51,0.78)].Among the six prediction models constructed from the data extracted by the semi-automatic segmentation method,the diagnostic performance of the Logistic regression model and the support vector machine model was significantly better than those of other models,and the Logistic regression model had the best diagnostic performance and stability(training group:area under the curve 0.928,accuracy rate 0.855,sensitivity 0.837,specificity 0.885;test group:area under the curve 0.933,accuracy 0.833,sensitivity 0.895,specificity 0.727,respectively).Conclusion Radiomics based on DCE-MRI can provide high value for the differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer.The semi-automatic segmentation method is more recommended for the segmentation method of ROI.The prediction model constructed by Logistic regression and support vector machine shows better diagnostic efficiency and stability.

Correlation study of carotid artery plaque components and CT cerebral perfusion by the analysis of CT energy spectrum imaging / 中国医学装备

Objective:To quantitatively analyze the plaque components of carotid artery through energy spectrum computed tomography angiography(CTA),and to measure the blood flow perfusion in the blood-supply area of carotid artery through CT perfusion(CTP),so as to explore the relationship among plaque component,the degree of luminal stenosis and cerebral blood flow perfusion.Methods:A total of 68 patients with unilateral plaques of carotid artery and severe vascular stenosis who were screened and diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA in Xiyuan Hospital from December 2017 to July 2019 were selected,and all patients underwent CTA examination and CTP examination.North American symptomatic carotid endarterectomy test(NASCET)method was used to measure the degree of carotid stenosis.The GE AW 4.7 post-process workstation was used to conduct analyses of energy spectrum and cerebral perfusion for the plaque component.And then,the slope of energy spectrum curve and the effective atomic number were obtained.At the same time,the cerebral blood volume(CBV),cerebral blood flow(CBF),time to peak(TTP)and mean transit time(MTT)of contrast agent in blood-supplying area of anterior cerebral artery(ACA)and middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion were measured.Results:A total of 68 measured plaques of 68 patients met the condition,including 44 vulnerable plaques(including lipid plaques and mixed plaques)and 24 stable plaques(fibrous plaques).The average slopes of the energy spectrum curves of vulnerable plaque and stable plaque were respectively 0.45±0.45 and 1.15±0.39,and the differences were significant(t=2.413,P<0.05).The averagely effective atomic numbers of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively 7.21±1.06 and 8.01±0.63,and the difference were significant(t=2.548,P<0.05).The average TTP values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(12.20±1.61)S and(13.59±2.79)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.607,P<0.05).The mean MTT values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(5.07±1.66)S and(6.09±2.19)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.177,P<0.05).The degree of vascular stenosis at the side of lesion was positively correlated with TTP and MTT in blood-supplying area of middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion(r=0.537,0.465,P<0.05),and that was negatively correlated with CBF values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=-0.281,-0.569,P<0.05),respectively.The slope of the energy spectrum curve of carotid plaque was positively correlated with the TTP values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=0.242,0.246,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:CT spectral imaging can quantitatively analyze the displayed components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque,and the degree of vascular stenosis can affect the blood flow perfusion of cerebral tissue,and the delays of TTP and MTT are more easily caused by vulnerable plaque,and the TTP of them is more sensitivity.

Comparison of a single palmar lateral transverse approach versus the modified Henry approach in locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy between a single palmar lateral transverse approach and the modified Henry approach in the locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 82 patients with distal radius fracture who had undergone locking plate fixation through either a single palmar lateral approach or the modified Henry approach between January 2016 and December 2022 at Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Taihe Hospital, Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine. There were 25 males and 57 females, with an age of (53.8±12.7) years. Based on the difference in surgical approach, the patients were divided into a single transverse approach group ( n=42) and a modified Henry approach group ( n=40). The 2 groups were compared in terms of injury cause, injury location, time from injury to surgery, AO fracture classification, tourniquet time during surgery, incision length, fracture reduction, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS & OSAS) and Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at the last follow-up, and complications after surgery. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (8.2±3.5) months. Follow-ups revealed one case of injury to the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve but no other complications like infection, non-union, internal fixation failure, or tendon injury in the single transverse approach group. The single transverse approach group was significantly superior over the modified Henry approach group in incision length [(2.4±0.9) cm versus (5.3±1.6) cm], OSAS (8.1±4.2 versus 10.3±5.7), and PSAS (10.1±5.8 versus 14.7±6.4) ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in tourniquet time, fracture reduction quality, and DASH score at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures, in comparison with the modified Henry approach, a single palmar lateral approach is more minimally invasive so that more aesthetically pleasing outcomes can be achieved to facilitate patients' rapid return to work and society.

Effect of ankyrin-repeat domain-containing protein 22 on human hepatoma cells and its mechanism / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ankyrin-repeat domain-containing protein 22 （ANKRD22） on the proliferation， invasion， and migration of human hepatoma cells and its molecular mechanism. MethodsThe TCGA database was used to analyze the expression level of ANKRD22 in normal liver tissue and hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and its association with prognosis. Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of ANKRD22 in human normal liver cells （L-02） and human hepatoma cells （Huh7， HepG2， MHCC-97H， SK-HEP-1， and SMMC-7721）； CCK-8 assay， EdU， wound healing assay， and Transwell assay were used to observe the effect of ANKRD22 on the proliferation， invasion， and migration of hepatoma cells； Western Blot was used to investigate the association of ANKRD22 with cyclins and EMT-related proteins； KEGG and ssGSEA analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of ANKRD22 in hepatoma cells， and related experiments were conducted for validation. The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups； a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsIn the TCGA database， the expression level of ANKRD22 in hepatoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissue （t=5.083， P<0.05）， and the patients with a high expression level of ANKRD22 had longer overall survival and disease-related survival than those with a low expression level of ANKRD22 （P<0.05）. The expression level of ANKRD22 in various human hepatoma cell lines was higher than that in human normal liver cells （all P<0.05）. Cell proliferation assay showed that the ANKRD22 overexpression group had significantly higher EdU positive rate and proliferation rate than the Vector group （t=19.60 and 6.72， both P<0.001）， and compared with the si-NC group， the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower EdU positive rate and proliferation rate （all P<0.001）. Compared with the Vector group， the overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of Cyclin E1， Cyclin D1， CDK7， and CDK4 （t=3.54， 4.95， 6.34， and 5.19， all P<0.01）， and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. The overexpression group had a significantly lower expression level of P27 than the Vector group （t=6.12， P<0.001）， and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had a significantly higher expression level than the si-NC group （both P<0.001）. Invasion and migration experiments showed that compared with the Vector group， the ANKRD22 overexpression group had significantly higher migration rate and number of crossings through the membrane （migration group and invasion group） （t=5.01， 25.60， and 3.67， all P<0.05）， and compared with the si-NC group， thesi-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower migration rate and number of crossings through the membrane （migration group and invasion group） （all P<0.01）. The overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of N-cadherin， Vimentin， and Snail than the Vector group （t=12.13， 8.85， and 13.97， all P<0.001）， and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group （all P<0.001）； the overexpression group had a significantly lower expression level of E-cadherin than the Vector group （t=4.98， P<0.01）， and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had a significantly higher expression level than the si-NC group （both P<0.001）. The KEGG enrichment analysis and the ssGSEA analysis showed that ANKRD22 was associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma， and the overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of p-AKT/AKT， p-PI3K/PI3K， and p-mTOR/mTOR than the Vector group （t=12.21， 3.43， and 9.75， all P<0.01）， and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group （all P<0.001）. ConclusionANKRD22 is highly expressed in hepatoma cells and can promote the proliferation， invasion， and migration of hepatoma cells and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Icariin ameliorates viral myocarditis by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis

@#Objective: To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis. Methods: CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on cell viability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of icariin on ferroptosis and TLR4 signaling were assessed. After AC16 cells were transfected with TLR4 overexpression plasmids, the role of TLR4 in mediating the regulatory effect of icariin in viral myocarditis was investigated. Results: Icariin significantly elevated cell viability and reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. Flow cytometry revealed that icariin decreased apoptosis rate, and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and 9 in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it suppressed ferroptosis including lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion, as well as the TLR4 signaling. However, TLR4 overexpression abrogated the modulatory effects of icariin. Conclusions: Icariin mitigates CVB3-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis. Further animal study is needed to verify its efficacy.

Exercise intervention prescription for postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related comorbidities / 临床肝胆病杂志

The prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in premenopausal women and even exceeds that in men of the same age group， and exercise intervention remains an effective method for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. In addition， postmenopausal women with NAFLD often have comorbidities such as sarcopenia， osteoporosis， cardiovascular diseases， and diabetes， which requires targeted exercise prescriptions and proactive intervention for potential comorbidities. Through a literature review， this article provides targeted recommendations for exercise intervention prescriptions in postmenopausal women with NAFLD and related comorbidities.

Retinal Thinning as a Marker of Disease Severity in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Objective@#Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) involves a variety of visual symptoms that are thought to be partially caused by structural abnormalities of the retina. However, the relationship between retinal structural changes, disease severity, and intracranial alterations remains unknown. We investigated distinct retinal thinning patterns and their relationship with clinical severity and intracranial alterations in a PSP cohort. @*Methods@#We enrolled 19 patients with PSP (38 eyes) and 20 age-matched healthy controls (40 eyes). All of the participants underwent peripapillary and macular optical coherence tomography. Brain 11C-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (11C-CFT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography imaging were also performed in patients with PSP. We investigated the association between retinal thickness changes and clinical features, striatal dopamine transporter availability, and cerebral glucose metabolism. @*Results@#The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macula were significantly thinner in patients with PSP than in controls. The thickness of the superior sector of the pRNFL demonstrated a significant negative relationship with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III and Hoehn and Yahr staging scale scores. A significant negative correlation was found between outer inferior macular thickness and disease duration. Outer temporal macular thickness was positively correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. In PSP, lower outer temporal macular thickness was also positively correlated with decreased dopamine transporter binding in the caudate. @*Conclusion@#The pRNFL and macular thinning may be candidate markers for monitoring disease severity. Additionally, macular thinning may be an in vivo indicator of nigrostriatal dopaminergic cell degeneration in PSP patients.

Analysis of goitrogenic effect of goitrogen in food / 中华地方病学杂志

Goiter is a kind of non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic hyperplasia and enlargement. Many studies have shown that substances such as thiocyanates and isothiocyanates can prevent the development of a variety of tumors. However, some studies have also found that such substances can lead to goiter. In this article, relevant information on common goitrogen in food are collected to explore their mechanism of action, laying a foundation for guiding residents to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.

Correlation between expressions of serum COL1A1/2 and intracranial aneurysm rupture / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To detect the levels of serum collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 chain(COL1A1)and collagen type Ⅰ alpha 2 chain(COL1A2)in patients with intracranial aneurysm(IA),and explore their correlations with aneurysm rupture.Methods A total of 110 IA patients admitted to our hospital were regarded as the IA group and another 100 volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital were regarded as the control group.The expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 were detected by ELISA.The IA patients were divided into the ruptured group(n=66)and unruptured group(n=44)according to the presence or absence of aneurysm rupture,and the clinical data and expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 were compared between the two groups.The expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 in patients with different Hunt-Hess grades were compared.The risk factors of aneurysm rupture in patients with IA were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.The predictive value of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 for aneurysm rupture in patients with IA were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The correlation of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 with Hunt-Hess grade for patients in rupture group was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.Results The expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 for patients in the IA group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The number of patients with hypertension,diabetes mellitus,hyperlipidemia,aneurysm diameter>10 mm,and the expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 in the rupture group were significantly more/higher than those in the unruptured group(P<0.05).The expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 in patients with Hunt-Hess grades from Ⅲ to Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in patients with grades from Ⅰ to Ⅱ(P<0.05).The expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 for patients in the rupture group were positively correlated with Hunt-Hess grade(r=0.562,0.414,P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension,diabetes mellitus,aneurysm diameter>10 mm,and increased expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 were risk factors for aneurysm rupture in IA patients(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of aneurysm rupture predicted by serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 together was significantly higher than that predicted by COL1A1 alone(Z=1.905,P=0.028)and COL1A2 alone(Z=1.754,P=0.040).Conclusion The increased expression levels of serum COL1A1 and COL1A2 are risk factors for aneurysm rupture in patients with IA,and their combined prediction of aneurysm rupture in IA patients has certain clinical value.

Effects of dietary restriction combined with different exercises on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in obese children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of aerobic exercise and resistance training (combined exercise) with dietary restrictions on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota in obese children, so as to provide the reference for improving the health level of obese children.@*Methods@#From August to September 2022, a total of 70 obese children aged 10-12 from the Affiliated Experimental Primary School of Minjiang Normal University were recruited through online notifications and WeChat distribution through parent groups. Participants were divided into dietary restriction (DR, n=18) group, aerobic exercise combined with dietary restriction (AE+DR, n=18) group, resistance training combined with dietary restriction (RT+DR, n=17) group and combined exercise combined with dietary restriction (ART+DR, n=17) group,through random number table method. From September to November 2022, each group received different interventions.The daily dietary intake of calories in the DR group was determined according to resting energy consumption. The AE+DR group intervention mainly included skipping rope, aerobics exercises, jogging and sports games, and were maintained for each session lasting 50 minutes. For RT+DR group, the exercise intensity of resistance training was (65%-85%) maximum strength, with a total of 10 actions. The ART+DR group included resistance training (20 minutes), aerobic exercise (20 minutes), preparation and relaxation phases for 5 minutes each. The DR and exercise intervention was administered for 8 weeks (4 times a week for Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday). Before and after different intervention methods, serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and intestinal flora was calculated by plate colony counting method.@*Results@#Compared to those before intervention, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP, and the contents of enterococcus and escherichia coli in the faeces significantly decreased, while the contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the faeces significantly increased after intervention (t=7.19，7.15，4.57，5.42，5.15，-3.51，-7.30；5.14，3.64，3.02，3.27，5.00，-3.09，-3.75；7.10，10.86，7.74，10.92，9.26，-6.63，-6.33，P<0.05) in AE+DR, RT+DR and ART+DR groups. The levels of serum TNF-α and CRP and enterococcus decreased significantly, and the contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the faeces increased significantly after intervention (t=2.74, 2.22, 2.14, -2.21, -2.81, P<0.05) in the DR Group. After 8 weeks of intervention with different methods, the change differences of enterococcus, escherichia coli, lactobacillus, bifidobacterium in the faeces, and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels were statistically significantin the four groups of obese children (H=22.22, 23.75, 13.44, 28.33, 18.02, 33.64, 25.14, P<0.01). In addition, the decreases of enterococcus in the faeces and serum TNF-α, IL-6, CRP levels, and the increases of lactobacillus in the faeces were significantly higher than those in the other three groups.@*Conclusions@#Dietary restriction alone or combined with different exercises bring beneficial changes in the inflammatory factors and gut microbiota indicators in obese children. Combined exercise,as well as aerobic exercise combined with dietary restrictions are more reasonable and effective in obese children.

Research on Automatic Microalgae Detection System Based on Deep Learning / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveThe scale of microalgae farming industry is huge. During farming, it is easy for microalgae to be affected by miscellaneous bacteria and other contaminants. Because of that, periodic test is necessary to ensure the growth of microalgae. Present microscopy imaging and spectral analysis methods have higher requirements for experiment personnel, equipment and sites, for which it is unable to achieve real-time portable detection. For the purpose of real-time portable microalgae detection, a real-time microalgae detection system of low detection requirement and fast detection speed is needed. MethodsThis study has developed a microalgae detection system based on deep learning. A microscopy imaging device based on bright field was constructed. With imaged captured from the device, a neural network based on YOLOv3 was trained and deployed on microcomputer, thus realizing real-time portable microalgae detection. This study has also improved the feature extraction network by introducing cross-region residual connection and attention mechanism and replacing optimizer with Adam optimizer using multistage and multimethod strategy. ResultsWith cross-region residual connection, the mAP value reached 0.92. Compared with manual result, the detection error was 2.47%. ConclusionThe system could achieve real-time portable microalgae detection and provide relatively accurate detection result, so it can be applied to periodic test in microalgae farming.

Comparing the prognostic value of 3 diagnostic criteria of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To compare the prognostic value of 3 diagnostic criteria of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of 285 preterm infants with BPD admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to September 2021, who were followed up regularly after discharge. The primary composite adverse outcome was defined as death or severe respiratory morbidity from 36 weeks of corrected gestational age to 18 months of corrected age, and the secondary composite adverse outcome was defined as death or neurodevelopmental impairment. According to the primary or secondary composite adverse outcomes, the preterm infants were divided into the adverse prognosis group and the non-adverse prognosis group. The 2001 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria, 2018 NICHD criteria, and 2019 Neonatal Research Network (NRN) criteria were used to diagnose and grade BPD in preterm infants. Chi-square test, Logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Delong test were used to analyze the prognostic value of the 3 diagnostic criteria. Results: The 285 preterm infants had a gestational age of 29.4 (28.1, 30.6) weeks and birth weight of 1 230 (1 000, 1 465) g, including 167 males (58.6%). Among 285 premature infants who completed follow-up, the primary composite adverse outcome occurred in 124 preterm infants (43.5%), and the secondary composite adverse outcome occurred in 40 preterm infants (14.0%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that severe BPD according to the 2001 NICHD criteria, gradeⅡand Ⅲ BPD according to the 2018 NICHD criteria and grade 2 and 3 BPD according to the 2019 NRN criteria were all risk factors for primary composite adverse outcomes (all P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the 2018 NICHD criteria and 2019 NRN criteria were both higher than that of the 2001 NICHD criteria (0.70 and 0.70 vs. 0.61, Z=4.49 and 3.35, both P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria (Z=0.38, P=0.702). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the secondary composite adverse outcomes were all associated with grade Ⅲ BPD according to the 2018 NICHD criteria and grade 3 BPD according to the 2019 NRN criteria (both P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the AUC of the 2018 NICHD criteria and 2019 NRN criteria were both higher than that of the 2001 NICHD criteria (0.71 and 0.71 vs. 0.58, Z=2.93 and 3.67, both P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria (Z=0.02, P=0.984). Conclusion: The 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN criteria demonstrate good and comparable predictive value for the primary and secondary composite adverse outcomes in preterm infants with BPD, surpassing the predictive efficacy of the 2001 NICHD criteria.

Identification, expression and protein interaction analysis of Aux/IAA and ARF gene family in Senna tora L / 药学学报

The early response of plant auxin gene family Aux/IAA (auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) and its interaction with auxin response factor (ARF) are important pattern to regulate plant growth and development. This work identified 28 StoIAA and 24 StoARF members based on the whole genome data of the medicinal plant Senna tora L., which were classified into 10 and 8 subfamilies, respectively. Phylogenetic tree and collinearity analysis showed that S. tora has close evolutionary relationship with the IAA and ARF homologous genes of Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and the segment duplication events dominate the expansion of StoIAA and StoARF. Gene structure analysis showed that the vast majority of StoIAA and StoARF contain characteristic conserved domain. Transcriptome data showed that StoIAAs and StoARFs were expressed in leaves, roots and seeds, some members had tissue specific expression. The StoIAA and StoARF promoter region most contain functional elements related to stress response, growth and development, hormone induction and secondary metabolism. In addition, gene expression analysis showed that many StoIAAs and StoARFs can quickly respond to drought and salt stress and exhibited same expression patterns under both stress condition. The yeast two-hybrid experiment confirmed that StoARF8 and StoARF10 exhibit varying degrees of interaction with multiple StoIAA proteins, respectively. The above results provide a basis for further biological functional analysis of the Aux/IAA and ARF gene family of S. tora.

Effect of Euphorbia helioscopia Aqueous Extract on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Precancerous Lesion-associated Proteins of Lung Tissues in Mice Induced by Cigarette Smoke / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Euphorbia helioscopia aqueous extract （EHE） on mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and its influence on precancerous lesion-associated proteins in lung tissues induced by cigarette smoke （CS）. MethodThe COPD model was induced by CS in 60 mice and the model mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug group （dexamethasone， 2 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose EHE groups （1.875， 3.75， 7.5 g·kg-1）. The high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to determine the related components in EHE. The changes in end-expiratory pause （EEP）， airway resistance （Penh）， expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity （EF50）， and other pulmonary function indexes were detected by the spirometer. The levels of inflammatory factors， such as interleukin （IL）-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， and IL-27 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of mice were detected by high-throughput liquid protein chip technology. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological changes in lung tissues in mice. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in lung tissues was determined by the colorimetric method. The mRNA relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and matrix metalloproteinase-12 （MMP-12） was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of tumor protein （P53） and cell proliferation-associated antigen （Ki67） in lung tissues， and Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of tumor suppressor protein （P16）， DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and fragile histidine triad （FHIT） in lung tissues. ResultThe results showed that the main compounds in EHE included phenols （gallic acid and protocatechuic acid） and flavonoids （such as hyperoside， rutin， myricetin， naringenin， quercetin， luteolin， kaempferol， and licorice chalcone A）， among which gallic acid and rutin were the highest in content. Compared with normal group， model group showed increased levels of EEP， EF50， and Penh （P<0.05）， and showed increased MDA and MPO levels （P<0.01） and decreased GSH-Px （P<0.01）， and the model group displayed increased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the model group exhibited up-regulated expression of P53， Ki67， and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of DNMT1 and P16 （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the EHE groups showed decreased EEP and EF50 levels （P<0.05）. The pathological injury of lung tissues in mice of the model group was observed under HE staining， and the pathological injury of basal cell hyperplasia of lung tissues was gradually improved after treatment with EHE. The EHE groups showed reduced levels of MDA and MPO （P<0.01） and increased GSH-Px （P<0.01）. The EHE groups displayed decreased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the EHE groups showed down-regulated Ki67 and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.05） and up-regulated expression of P53 and DNMT1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionEHE can protect mice from COPD and inhibit precancerous lesions， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress response， regulation of protease and antiprotease imbalance， and regulation of epithelial cell growth.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging study about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysfunction after stroke: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the brain mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on dysfunction after stroke using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MethodsLiteratures about the functional magnetic resonance imaging study about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysfunction after stroke were retrieved in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang data from establishment to June 1st, 2021. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Literature screening, and data extraction were performed by two researchers. ResultsA total of 14 randomized controlled trials were finally enrolled. They were of high or very high quality. They mainly involved the therapeutic effect and imaging mechanisms of rTMS on dysfunction after stroke. ConclusionrTMS could change the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the effective connections between brain regions after stroke, promote the reorganization of brain function, and achieve the recovery of post-stroke dysfunction.

Genome-wide identification of GSK gene family in Senna tora L. and expression analyses / 药学学报

Glycogen synthase kinase 3/SHAGGY-like kinase (GSK3) proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress response. In order to reveal the characteristics of GSK family members in the medicinal plant Senna tora L., in this study, we conducted the identification and expression analyses of GSKs in S. tora based on its whole genome data, combined with bioinformatics and gene expression research methods. The results showed that a total of nine S. tora GSK genes were identified, all of which contained the GSK characteristic kinase domains. All members were distributed on six chromosomes, the encoding amino acid length ranged from 465 to 943 aa, the protein molecular weight was from 33.57 to 88.83 kDa, and the average isoelectric point was 8.2. The StoSKs were divided into four evolutionary branches, and the StoSKs in the same evolutionary branch shared the same exon/intron structure and conserved motifs. The expansion of the StoSKs gene family was mainly due to segment duplication events, and there were 17, 11, 8 and 7 pairs of collinear genes with Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, respectively. The promoter regions of StoSKs mostly contained responses elements related to stress stimulation, growth and development, and hormone induction. Transcriptome data analysis showed that StoSKs were expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression level in roots. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that StoSKs in different evolutionary branches displayed a synergistic expression pattern response to light, and most of StoSKs could rapidly respond to NaCl stress with significantly up-regulated expression. All the results provide a basis for further analysis of the biological functions of the GSKs gene family in S. tora.

Literature analysis of sunitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical characteristics of nephrotic syndrome induced by sunitinib， and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang data， PubMed， Web of Science and Medline， case report about sunitinib-induced nephrotic syndrome were collected from the inception to Oct. 30th， 2022. Those case reports were analyzed statistically in terms of gender， age， primary disease， drug use， clinical manifestations， treatment and outcome. RESULTS A total of 15 pieces of literature were collected and 17 patients were involved， including 10 males and 7 females. The average age of patients was （59.35±15.72） years. Among 17 patients， there were 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 7 patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor， all of whom received evidence-based medication； the dosage of sunitinib in 15 cases was recorded， and all of them were within the recommended range of the instructions； 9 patients received combined therapy； the time from sunitinib application to the occurrence of nephrotic syndrome was 21 days-52 months， of which 11 cases were ≤2 years. The clinical manifestations in 13 patients were described， including edema， oliguria， foamy urine， weight gain， fatigue， dyspnea on exertion， etc. Eight patients had other adverse reactions induced by sunitinib before suffering from nephrotic syndrome， including new hypertension or worsening of original hypertension， and hand-foot syndrome. Renal biopsy mainly manifested as thrombotic microangiopathy， focal segmental glomerular sclerosis and immune complex glomerulonephritis. Sunitinib withdrawal or dosage reduction was adopted in all patients， and they were given symptomatic treatment such as glucocorticoids and antihypertensive agents. Symptoms of 16 patients were improved， and renal function of one patient deteriorated and hemodialysis was started. Sunitinib was re-challenged in 6 patients， elevated creatinine and substantial proteinuria recurred in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS In clinical use of sunitinib， it is advisable to periodically monitor renal function. In case of deterioration of renal function， albuminuria， edema， etc.， relevant examinations should be implemented in time， and symptomatic intervention should be taken as soon as possible. Besides， we should be alert to the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome after sunitinib rechallenge.