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2.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(1): 132-138, Jan.-Feb. 2016. graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-777323

Résumé

ABSTRACT This study describes a new method of microcentrifugation as an improved, viable, cost-effective option to the classical Cytospin apparatus to confirm azoospermia. Azoospermic semen samples were evaluated for cryptozoospermia by a centrifugation method similar to that of World Health Organization guidelines (2010; entire specimen centrifuged at 3000g for 15 min, and aliquots of the pellet examined). Then, if no sperm were detected, the pellet from that procedure was resuspended in culture medium, centrifuged (2000g for 15 min), and the entire pellet spread on a 4 X 6mm area of a slide and stained using the Christmas tree method (Nuclear-Fast solution and picric acid). The entire stained area was examined for the presence or absence of sperm. A total of 148 azoospermic samples (after standard WHO diagnosis) were included in the study and 21 samples (14.2%) were identified as sperm-positive. In all microcentrifugation slides, intact spermatozoa could be easily visualized against a clear background, with no cellular debris. This novel microcentrifugation technique is clearly a simple and effective method, with lower cost, increasing both sensitivity and specificity in confirming the absence or presence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. It may represent a step forward of prognostic value to be introduced by andrology laboratories in the routine evaluation of patients with azoospermia in the initial semen analysis.


Sujets)
Adulte , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Centrifugation/méthodes , Azoospermie/diagnostic , Analyse du sperme/méthodes , Spermatozoïdes/cytologie , Facteurs temps , Reproductibilité des résultats , Études rétrospectives , Sensibilité et spécificité , Analyse coût-bénéfice , Andrologie/méthodes
3.
Reprod. clim ; 29(1): 37-40, jan.-abr. 2014.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-743338

Résumé

A microscopia eletrônica de espermatozoides é uma ferramenta complementar da análise seminal que pode contribuir na interpretação clínica da astenozoospermia grave e da teratozoospermia e na investigação de infertilidade idiopática. Reportamos um caso de paciente com varicocele, submetido à varicocelectomia, com análise seminal ultraestrutural por microscopia eletrônica.


Electron microscopy of sperm is a complementary tool to semen analysis that can contribute to the clinical interpretation of severe astenozoospermia, teratozoospermia and idiopathic infertility investigation. We report a patient with varicocele, submitted to varicocelectomy,with seminal ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy.


Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Microscopie électronique/méthodes , Spermatozoïdes , Varicocèle/diagnostic
4.
Clinics ; 66(6): 959-964, 2011. ilus, tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-594362

Résumé

INTRODUCTION: Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS; OMIM 194050) is caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene microdeletion at 7q11.23. Supravalvular aortic stenosis, mental retardation, overfriendliness, and ocular and renal abnormalities comprise typical symptoms in WBS. Although fluorescence in situ hybridization is widely used for diagnostic confirmation, microsatellite DNA markers are considered highly informative and easily manageable. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to test the microsatellite markers for the diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome, to determine the size and parental origin of microdeletion, compare the clinical characteristics between patients with different sizes of the deletion and parental origin. METHODS: We studied 97 patients with clinical diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome using five microsatellite markers: D7S1870, D7S489, D7S613, D7S2476 and D7S489_A. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Using five markers together, the result was informative in all patients. The most informative marker was D7S1870 (78.4 percent), followed by D7S613 (75.3 percent), D7S489 (70.1 percent) and D7S2476 (62.9 percent). The microdeletion was present in 84 (86.6 percent) patients and absent in 13 (13.4 percent) patients. Maternal deletions were found in 52.4 percent of patients and paternal deletions in 47.6 percent of patients. The observed size of deletions was 1.55 Mb in 76/ 84 patients (90.5 percent) and 1.84 Mb in 8/84 patients (9.5 percent). SVAS as well as ocular and urinary abnormalities were more frequent in the patients with a deletion. There were no clinical differences in relation to either the size or parental origin of the deletion. CONCLUSION: Using these five selected microsatellite markers was informative in all patients, thus can be considered an alternative method for molecular diagnosis in Williams-Beuren syndrome.


Sujets)
Adolescent , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Mâle , /génétique , Délétion de gène , Répétitions microsatellites , Syndrome de Williams/génétique , Études d'associations génétiques , Marqueurs génétiques , Hybridation fluorescente in situ , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Polymorphisme génétique , Reproductibilité des résultats , Syndrome de Williams/diagnostic
5.
Clinics ; 62(4): 385-390, 2007. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-460019

Résumé

PURPOSE: Screening for mutations in the entire Cystic Fibrosis gene (CFTR) of Brazilian infertile men with congenital absence of vas deferens, in order to prevent transmission of CFTR mutations to offspring with the use of assisted reproductive technologies. METHOD: Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to each of the 27 exons and splicing sites of interest followed by single strand conformational polymorphism and Heteroduplex Analysis (SSCP-HA) in precast 12.5 percent polyacrylamide gels at 7°C and 20°C. Fragments with abnormal SSCP migration pattern were sequenced. RESULTS: Two novel missense mutations (S753R and G149W) were found in three patients (two brothers) together with the IVS8-5T allele in hetrozygosis. CONCLUSION: The available screenings for CF mutations do not include the atypical mutations associated to absence of vas deferens and thus, when these tests fail to find mutations, there is still a genetic risk of affected children with the help of assisted reproduction. We recommend the screening of the whole CFTR gene for these infertile couples, as part of the work-up before assisted reproduction.


OBJETIVO: Pesquisar mutações em toda a extensão do gene que causa a Fibrose Cística (CFTR) de homens brasileiros inférteis por agenesia congênita dos vasos deferentes, com a finalidade de prevenir a transmissão de mutações em CFTR à prole com o uso das tecnologias de reprodução assistida. MÉTODOS: Foram desenhados oligonucleotídeos específicos para realização de reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR) para cada um dos 27 exons e sítios de processamento de interesse no gene CFTR. O PCR foi seguido pela técnica de SSCP-HA (polimorfismos de conformação no DNA de fita simples e na formação de heteroduplexes) em géis pré-fabricados de poliacrilamida a 12,5 por cento em duas temperaturas, 7°C e 20°C. Os fragmentos com padrão alterado na migração do SSCP foram submetidos a seqüenciamento automatizado. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas duas mutações novas com alteração de aminoácidos (S753R and G149W) em 3 pacientes (dois irmãos) juntamente com o alelo IVS8-5T em heterozigose. CONCLUSÕES: O rastreamento básico de mutações típicas da Fibrose Cística não inclui as mutações atípicas associadas à ausência dos deferentes. Desta forma, quando esses testes resultam normais, ainda assim existe um risco genético de crianças afetadas serem geradas com auxílio das Assisted Reproduction Technologies. Por este motivo, recomenda-se que a pesquisa de mutações em todo o gene CFTR seja o exame a ser oferecido para todos os casais inférteis em que o homem seja portador de agenesia dos vasos deferentes, antes da realização de reprodução assistida.


Sujets)
Adulte , Humains , Mâle , Protéine CFTR/génétique , Infertilité masculine/génétique , Mutation faux-sens/génétique , Conduit déférent/malformations , Conseil génétique , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Polymorphisme de conformation simple brin
10.
Rev. bras. genét ; 13(3): 591-7, Sept. 1990.
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-94180

Résumé

Säo analisados os 70 primeiros casos de Amostra de Vilo Corial por via Transabdominal (ACTA), ralizados no Serviço de Genética Humana da Associaçäo Maternidade de Säo Paulo, de Novembro de 1987 a Fevereiro de 1989. Em todos os casos obteve-se material adequado para análise e a média de inserçöes da agulha foi 1.6. Oitenta por cento dos casos foram realizados em funçäo da idade materna avançada (> = 35 anos). Seis casos (8.6%) revelaram anomalias cromossômicas sendo as respectivas gestaçöes interrompidas. O risco de perdas gestacionais no período de 2 semanas que se seguiram a coleta foi de 1.4%. A AVTA e um método alternativo de diagnóstico genético no pré-natal, podendo ser realizada sem limitaçöes no que diz respeito a idade gestacional, embora investigaçöes ainda sejam necessárias para que seja estabelecida a segurança do procedimento


Sujets)
Grossesse , Humains , Femelle , Prélèvement de villosités choriales , Aberrations des chromosomes/diagnostic , Diagnostic prénatal , Âge gestationnel , Âge maternel
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