Résumé
Abstract We report here microemulsions (MEs) for topical delivery of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of skin cancers. Selected MEs consisting of Oil/Water (O/W) bicontinuous (BC) and Water/Oil (W/O) preparations were characterized as to pH, nanometric size, zeta potential, drug content, and viscosity. Sustained in vitro PpIX release was achieved from MEs 2A (O/W), 10B (BC) and 16B (W/O) through an artificial membrane for up to 24 h, characterizing MEs as drug delivery systems. None of these MEs showed permeation through the skin, demonstrating the required topical effect. After 4 h, in vitro retention of PpIX in the stratum corneum (SC) was higher from both ME 10B and control (PpIX at 60 µg/mL in PEG 300). However, in the Epidermis + Dermis ([Ep + D]), retention from ME 10B and ME 16B was ~40 times higher compared to control. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) showed higher fluorescence intensity in the SC for both control and ME 10B, whereas ME 10B fluorescence was higher in [Ep+D]. The results indicate that ME 10B is suitable for PpIX encapsulation, showing good characteristics and a localized effect for a potential delivery system for PDT-associated treatments of skin cancers.
Sujets)
Photothérapie dynamique/effets indésirables , Protoporphyrines/agonistes , Peau/traumatismes , Tumeurs cutanées/anatomopathologie , Techniques in vitro/instrumentation , Préparations pharmaceutiques/administration et posologie , Microscopie confocale/méthodes , Derme/malformationsRésumé
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), an endogenous precursor of protoporphyrin, is an interesting approach for the treatment of skin cancer. However, 5-ALA is a hydrophilic molecule and such a characteristic limits its appropriate cutaneous penetration and retention. In this way, more lipophilic molecules, such as esterified 5-ALA derivatives, have been under investigation in order to improve the skin penetration of this molecule. Drug formulation can also alter 5-ALA skin penetration. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of ceramide 2 - the main lipid of the SC- on the cutaneous delivery of 5-ALA and its ester derivatives in vitro, using Franz diffusion cell. The skin permeation of all studied drugs was decreased in the presence of ceramide, representing a desirable characteristic in order to avoid the risk of systemic side effects. Nevertheless, the SC and [epidermis + dermis] retention after 16 h has also been decreased in the presence of ceramide, as compared to control. In conclusion, ceramide was not a good adjuvant, meaning that research of other vehicles could be useful to improve cutaneous delivery of 5-ALA.
A Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD) tópica com um precursor das porfirinas endógenas, o ácido 5-aminolevulínico (5-ALA), constitui uma nova modalidade para o tratamento do câncer de pele. Entretanto, o 5-ALA é uma molécula hidrofílica, o que limita sua penetração e retenção cutânea apropriadas. Moléculas mais lipofílicas, tais como derivados esterificados do 5-ALA, estão sob intensa investigação para melhorar a penetração cutânea desta molécula. A formulação que contém o fármaco também pode alterar a penetração cutânea do 5-ALA. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência da ceramida 2 - o principal lipídeo do EC- sobre a penetração cutânea de 5-ALA e seus derivados esterificados usando células de difusão de Franz. A permeação de todas as drogas estudadas através da pele foi diminuída na presença de ceramida, o que é desejável, evitando riscos de efeitos colaterais sistêmicos. Entretanto, a retenção no EC e [epiderme + derme] também foi diminuída na presença da ceramida, após 16 horas, comparado ao controle. Concluindo, a ceramida não foi um bom adjuvante, sendo necessária a pesquisa de outros veículos para melhorar a liberação cutânea do 5-ALA.
Sujets)
Acide amino-lévulinique/usage thérapeutique , Céramides/biosynthèse , Techniques in vitro , Photothérapie dynamique , Tumeurs cutanées/thérapieRésumé
Na terapia Fotodinâmica, (TFD) o ácido 5-aminolevunílico (5-ALA) aplicado topicamente é convertido, via ciclo heme, à protoporfirina IX (PpIX), um agente fotossensibilizante, o qual sob excitação com luz, pode induzir destruição tumoral. Devido a suas características hidrofílicas, o 5-ALA tem penetração limitada na pele. Este estudo propôs a otimização da TFD-5-ALA por misturas contendo ceramida + 5-ALA (ou seus derivados ésteres ALA n-hexil e ALA n-octil) ou pelo uso do promotor de penetração, o ácido oléico (AO). A ceramida não constituiu um bom adjuvante para o sistema proposto, pois houve uma redução na permeação bem como na retenção dos fármacos, através da pele, comparado ao controle...
Sujets)
Animaux , Souris , Acide amino-lévulinique , Techniques in vitro , Tumeurs cutanées/traitement médicamenteux , Photothérapie dynamique , Absorption cutanée , Acide oléique , Spectrométrie de fluorescenceRésumé
The quenchings of pyrene fluorescence by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and stratum corneum lipids liposomes (SCLLs) were studied in order to verify the capacity of incorporation of 5-ALA in these systems. Static and dynamic quenching constants based on the simultaneous determination of fluorescence intensity quenching and fluorescence decay measurements were determined. 5-ALA was incorporated at crescent concentrations in SDS micelles and SCLLs containing the fluorescent probe (pyrene, 1,15 x '10 POT.menos 5 M') and the rate constants of quenching (kq) of pyrene were determined. 5-ALA was able to quench the fluorescence of the probe in both systems studied. A greater extent...