Determinación de la composición nutricional de la carne de pollo argentina / Measurement of nutritional composition of Argentinean chicken meat

Introducción: La información sobre carne de pollo disponible en la tabla de composición nutricional local pertenece aproximadamente a la década de 1950, y está limitada a pocos cortes. Es necesario contar con datos actualizados de composición nutricional de pollos en Argentina. Objetivo: Determinar la composición nutricional de pechuga y pata-muslo de pollos de Argentina. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de 27 unidades muestrales provenientes de 10 frigoríficos de Argentina. Se obtuvieron muestras de pata-muslo y pechuga, con y sin piel, para determinar: contenido de agua, proteínas, grasa total, ceniza y energía, y en las muestras sin piel: potasio, sodio, fósforo, hierro y perfil de ácidos grasos. Se aplicaron metodologías AOAC y FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1. Resultados: En pechuga y pata muslo sin piel se obtuvo: 107(DE 4) y 127 (DE 8) kcal; 23,7 (DE 1,0) y 19,9 (DE 1,0) g de proteínas;1,4 (DE 0,3) y 5,3 (DE 0,7) g de grasa: grasas saturadas 375(DE 23,3) y 1367 (DE 71,8) mg, monoinsaturadas 418 (DE 45,9)y 1829 (DE 110,0) mg, poliinsaturadas 432 (DE 35,4) y 1657 (DE151,4) mg, trans 27 (DE 6,1) y 54 (DE 36,3) mg; sodio 47 (DE 4)y 74 (DE 5) mg; potasio 355 (DE 21) y 307 (DE 18) mg; fósforo235 (DE 11) y 195 (DE 10) mg; hierro 0,31 (DE 0,03) y 0.60 (DE0.05) mg respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. En pechuga y pata muslo con piel se obtuvo: 161 (DE 14) y 200 (DE20) kcal; 20,2 (DE 1,1) y 17,0 (DE 0,8) g de proteínas; 8,9 (DE 1,5)y 14,7 (DE 2,2) g de grasas totales respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. Conclusión: La carne de pollo argentina es fuente de proteínas, baja en lípidos totales, con predominio de ácidos grasos insaturados. Aporta el 11% de la Ingesta Adecuada de potasio, el 46% de la Recomendación Dietética Admitida de fósforo, el 9 y 4% de la de hierro para el hombre y la mujer, y sólo el 5% de la ingesta diaria máxima de sodio.

Introduction: Nutritional composition data of chicken meatavailable in local charts, dates back to 1950 and is limited to afew cuts. It is essential to have nutritional composition data ofchicken meat in Argentina updated. Objectives: To specify nutritional composition of chickenmeat -breast and leg- in Argentina.Materials and method: A descriptive study of 27 sampleunits coming from 10 cold stores in Argentina. Leg and breastsamples were obtained, with and without skin, to determine:water content, proteins, total fat, ash and energy and in theskinless samples: potassium, sodium, phosphorous, iron andfatty acids profile. AOAC and FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1 methodologieswere used.Results: Results obtained out of breast and leg without skin(every 100 g of edible portion): 107 (SD 4) and 127 (SD 8) kcal,23.7 (SD 1.0) and 19.9 (SD 1.0) g of proteins, 1.4 (SD 0.3) and 5.3(SD 0.7) g of fat, saturated fats 375 (SD 23.3) and 1367 (DS 71.8)mg, monounsaturated 418 (SD 45,9) and 1829 (SD 110,0) mg, polyunsaturated 432 (SD 35.4) and 1657 (SD 151,4) mg, trans27 (SD 6.1) and 54 (SD 36.3) mg, sodium 47 (SD 4) and 74 (SD5) mg, potassium 355 (SD 21) and 307 (SD 18) mg, phosphorous235 (SD 11) and 195 (SD 10) mg, iron 0.31 and 0.60 mg,respectively. Out of breast and leg with skin (every 100 g ofedible portion): 161 (SD 14), and 200 (SD 20) kcal, 20.2 (SD 1.1)and 17.0 (SD 0.8) g of proteins, 8.9 (SD 1.5) and 14.7 (SD 2.2) gof total fats, respectively.Conclusion: Argentinean chicken meat is a source of protein,low in total lipids, with a predominance of unsaturated fattyacids. It provides 11% of the Adequate Intake for potassium, 46% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for phosphorous,9 and 4% of the RDA for iron in men and women, respectivelyand just 5% of the maximum daily intake of sodium.

Storage lipids and proteins of Euterpe edulis seeds

Comparative studies on fatty acid and protein composition of the endosperm and embryo of palmito (Euterpe edulis Martius) were conducted using gas-liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On a dry weight basis, the embryo contained extremely lower amounts of lipids and proteins than did the endosperm, which was associated with the scarce lipid and protein bodies previously reported in axis and cotyledon. The fatty acid composition also exhibited differences between both tissues: (I) the fatty acid diversity was greater in embryo than in endosperm; (II) embryo and endosperm contained predominantly linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids even though the relative values were different for each tissue. As compared to other palm species, the higher fatty acid unsaturation in Euterpe edulis seed could be involved in the previously reported short longevity and recalcitrant behavior during storage. Proteins of both tissues were heterogeneous in molecular mass. Some proteins were tissue-specific, but other were common, among them a highly glycosylated protein which migrated at about 55 kDa. We hypothesize that the latter, also reported in all previously studied palm species, is one of the proteins characterizing the Arecaceae family.

Efectos de sustratos competitivos y de la insulina sobre la captación y el destino metabólico de la glucosa en corazón perfundido de ratas dislipémicas / Effects of competitive substrates ans insulin on glucose uptake and utilization in isolated perfused hearts of dyslipemic rats

Rats chronically fed (15 weeks) a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) developed hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTg), increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA), impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin insensitivity. An increase of Tg and glycogen (Gly) in heart muscle was also observed. HyperTg with altered glucose metabolism could have profound effects on myocardial glucose utilization. To test this hypothesis male Wistar rats were fed a semi-synthetic SRD (w/w: 62.5% sucrose, 8% corn-oil, 17% protein), and the control group (CD) received the same semi-synthetic diet, except that sucrose was replaced with starch for 90 days. At that time, the hearts from these animals were isolated and perfused for 30 min in the presence or absence of insulin (30 mU/ml). Levels of the exogenous substrates were similar to those found in the plasma of the animal in vivo in both dietary groups (glucose 8.5 mM, palmitate 0.8 mM in SRD and glucose 5-5 mM, palmitate 0.3 mM in CD). In the absence of insulin glucose uptake was reduced (40%) and lactate release was increased (50%) in SRD hearts. Glucose oxidation was depressed mainly due to both, an increase of PDH kinase and a decrease of 60% of PDHa (active form of PDHc). Insulin in the perfusion medium improved only glucose uptake. The results suggest that at least two different mechanisms might contribute to insulin resistance and to impaired glucose metabolism in the perfused hearts of dyslipemic SRD fed rats: 1) reduced basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and its utilization and 2) increased availability and oxidation of lipids (low PDHa and PDH kinase activities), which in turn decreased glucose uptake and utilization. Thus, this experimental model may be useful to study how impaired glucose homeostasis, increased plasma FFA and hyperTg could contribute to heart tissue malfunction.