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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1545-1554, July-Aug. 2020. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131469

RÉSUMÉ

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional plans on the productive, physiological and metabolic parameters of F1 ½ Holstein x ½ Zebu cows in different stages of lactation. Sixty lactating cows were allotted to a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial design with five feed allowances and three lactation periods. The dry matter intake, milk yield and heart rate were reduced by 5.69kg, 2.41kg and 10.36 beats/min (morning) and 10.25 beats/min (afternoon) for each 1% feed restriction, respectively. There was no difference in the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids for cows subjected to different feed allowances, with means of 95.25, 7.98, 2.95, 121.68 and 0.45mg/dL, respectively. Feed restriction of up to 2.50% BW is a cost reduction strategy that does not alter milk yield, regardless of the stage of lactation.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes planos nutricionais sobre as características produtivas, fisiológicas e metabólicas de vacas F1 ½ Holandês x ½ Zebu. Foram utilizadas 60 vacas em lactação, seguindo-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 3, com cinco níveis de oferta de dieta e três períodos de lactação. À medida que se aumentou 1% na restrição da oferta da dieta, houve redução linear de 5,69kg no consumo de matéria seca pelos animais, 2,41kg na produção de leite, bem como de 10,36bat/min (manhã) e 10,25 bat/min (tarde) na frequência cardíaca dos animais. Não houve diferença para a concentração de glicose, proteínas totais, albumina, colesterol e NEFA com a restrição na oferta da dieta dos animais, sendo a média de 95,25, 7,98, 2,95, 121,68 e 0,45mg/dL, respectivamente. Recomenda-se a restrição de até 2,50% de peso corporal como estratégia de redução dos custos em todos os estágios em lactação, visando não alterar, economicamente, a produção de leite.(AU)


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Femelle , Bovins , Lactation , Cholestérol/analyse , Diétothérapie/médecine vétérinaire , Glucose/analyse , Acide gras libre , Fréquence respiratoire
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(1): 396-403, Mar. 2016. ilus
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-780523

RÉSUMÉ

Protein restriction implies the functional involvement of several systems and organs, including the skeletal muscle, because it is a protein reservoir in the body. This study sought to analyze the morphological and morphometric features of the muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in rats at 365 days of age, submitted to maternal protein restriction during the gestation and lactation periods. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a Control Group - mothers fed a normal-protein diet (17 % protein) during pregnancy and lactation; and a Restricted Group - mothers fed a low-protein diet (6 % protein) during pregnancy and lactation. The pups were kept with the mother throughout the lactation period (21 days), after which the offspring received a normal protein diet until 365 days of age. Histological (HE) and histoenzymological (NADH-TR) studies were conducted on the muscle fibers. The muscle was subjected to Nonspecific Esterase reaction to stain the Neuromuscular Junctions. Regarding the animals from the restricted group: the histologic analysis of the muscle fibers showed the presence of centralized nuclei and a diminished area; the histoenzymological study showed the different types of muscle fibers were randomly distributed in the EDL muscle and the area of the Type IIa muscle fiber was smaller; the ultrastructural study revealed disorganization of the Z line, and the presence of lipid droplets and vacuoles containing myelin figures in subsarcolemmal and intramiofibrilar regions; while the analysis of the NMJs exhibited no significant differences between the groups. Protein restriction in the pregnancy and lactation period may have affected the development of skeletal muscle, producing a permanent muscle-fiber deficit in the EDL muscle of the offspring.


La restricción proteica implica compromiso funcional de diversos sistemas y órganos, entre ellos, el músculo estriado esquelético, por ser una reserva de proteína del organismo. De esa forma, el presente trabajo procuró analizar las características morfológicas y morfométricas de las fibras musculares y de las intersecciones neuromusculares (JNMs) del músculo extensor largo de los dedos (EDL) en ratas de 365 días de edad, sometidas a restricción proteica materna durante los periodos de gestación y lactancia. Las ratas Wistar fueron separadas en dos grupos: El grupo Control - madres alimentadas durante la gestación y lactancia con ración normoproteica (17 % de proteína) y Grupo con restricción ­ madres alimentadas durante la gestación y lactancia con ración hipoproteica (6 % de proteína). Las crías permanecieron con la madre durante todo el periodo de lactancia (21 días) y después de este periodo la prole recibió ración normoproteica hasta los 365 días de edad. Se realizó un estudio histológico (HE) e histoenzimológico (NADH-TR) de las fibras musculares. Para la marcación de las JNMs, el músculo fue sometido a la reacción de Esterasa Inespecífica. El análisis histológico de las fibras musculares de los animales del Grupo con restricción mostró la presencia de núcleos centralizados y una disminución del área en el grupo con restricción. En el estudio histoenzimológico, el músculo EDL presentó una distribución aleatoria de los diferentes tipos de fibras musculares y el área de las fibras musculares del tipo IIa fue menor en el grupo con restricción. En relación al estudio ultraestructural, en los animales del grupo con restricción se observó desorganización de la línea Z, presencia de pequeñas gotas de lípidos y vacuolas que abrigaban figuras de mielina en las regiones subsarcolemal e intramiofibrilar. En el análisis de las JNMs no hubo diferencias significativas. La restricción proteica impuesta en el periodo de gestación y lactancia puede haber afectado el desarrollo del músculo esquelético, produciendo un déficit permanente en las fibras musculares del músculo EDL de la prole.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Mâle , Femelle , Rats , Régime pauvre en protéines , Fibres musculaires squelettiques/anatomopathologie , Muscles squelettiques/anatomopathologie , Effets différés de l'exposition prénatale à des facteurs de risque , Rat Wistar
3.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; Rev. bras. plantas med;17(4,supl.1): 707-712, 2015. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-770371

RÉSUMÉ

RESUMO O uso das substâncias moluscicidas convencionais no controle de planorbídeos vetores constitui-se uma importante ferramenta no combate da fasciolose hepática e esquistossomose. Sendo, portanto, de extrema relevância para a pecuária e para os serviços de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Por outro lado, a seleção de caramujos resistentes a tais substâncias e sua baixa seletividade estimulam a busca por novas substâncias. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido para avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianusJowitt sobre Lymnaea columella e Biomphalaria tenagophila, hospedeiros intermediários de Fasciola hepatica e esquistossomose mansônica, respectivamente. O óleo essencial foi extraído a partir de folhas frescas utilizando o sistema Clevenger. A análise qualitativa foi realizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) e a quantificação dos constituintes presentes no óleo foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao detector de ionização de chama (CG/DIC). O efeito moluscicida foi avaliado utilizando seis moluscos de cada espécie e o óleo essencial de C. winterianus nas concentrações finais de 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 e 100 ppm. A análise por cromatografia gasosa do óleo essencial possibilitou a identificação dos componentes majoritários geraniol (28,62%), citronelal (23,62%) e citronelol (17,10%). Os valores de DL100 e DL50para os moluscos das espécies L. columella e B. tenagophila foram, respectivamente, 60 e 40 ppm; 80 ppm e 60 ppm. O óleo de Cymbopogon winterianus demonstrou-se uma alternativa promissora para o controle dos moluscos, sendo a espécie L. columella mais sensível ao mesmo.


ABSTRACT Conventional molluscicides have been employed to control of planorbids vectors and are an important tool in order to control the hepatic fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. Thus, these substances have been showinggreat relevance for both Veterinary and Livestock Services as well as for Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance. On the other hand, the process of drug pressure for the selection of resistant snails to such components and their low selectivity have stimulated the search for new substances. Since researches on new drugs are the starting point to assist on themolluscs control, this work was developed in order to evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt essential oil on L. columella and B. tenagophila, intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni, respectively. The essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. A qualitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography together with a mass spectrometry one (GC/MS) and the chemical constituent content was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The molluscicidal effect was evaluated through the use of six snails of each species and C. winterianus essential oil at 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm. The result of the gas chromatographic analysis for the essential oil showed geraniol (28.62%), citronellal (23.62%) and citronellol (17.10%) as the major chemical components . The DL100 and DL50 values for L. columella and B. tenagophila species were, respectively, 60 and 40 ppm; 80 ppm and 60 ppm. L. columella had demonstrated more sensitivity to this essential oil than theB. tenagophila species. The C. winterianus essential oil proved to be a promising alternative for the control of these molluscs being the L. columella species the most sensitive of them.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Biomphalaria/classification , Huile essentielle/analyse , Cymbopogon/classification , Lymnea/classification , Mollusca/classification
4.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;44(3): 217-223, Mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-576071

RÉSUMÉ

Melatonin regulates the reproductive cycle, energy metabolism and may also act as a potential antioxidant indoleamine. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether long-term melatonin treatment can induce reproductive alterations and if it can protect ovarian tissue against lipid peroxidation during ovulation. Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats, 60 days old (± 250-260 g), were randomly divided into two equal groups. The control group received 0.3 mL 0.9 percent NaCl + 0.04 mL 95 percent ethanol as vehicle, and the melatonin-treated group received vehicle + melatonin (100 µg·100 g body weight-1·day-1) both intraperitoneally daily for 60 days. All animals were killed by decapitation during the morning estrus at 4:00 am. Body weight gain and body mass index were reduced by melatonin after 10 days of treatment (P < 0.05). Also, a marked loss of appetite was observed with a fall in food intake, energy intake (melatonin 51.41 ± 1.28 vs control 57.35 ± 1.34 kcal/day) and glucose levels (melatonin 80.3 ± 4.49 vs control 103.5 ± 5.47 mg/dL) towards the end of treatment. Melatonin itself and changes in energy balance promoted reductions in ovarian mass (20.2 percent) and estrous cycle remained extensive (26.7 percent), arresting at diestrus. Regarding the oxidative profile, lipid hydroperoxide levels decreased after melatonin treatment (6.9 percent) and total antioxidant substances were enhanced within the ovaries (23.9 percent). Additionally, melatonin increased superoxide dismutase (21.3 percent), catalase (23.6 percent) and glutathione-reductase (14.8 percent) activities and the reducing power (10.2 percent GSH/GSSG ratio). We suggest that melatonin alters ovarian mass and estrous cyclicity and protects the ovaries by increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-reductase activities.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Femelle , Rats , Antioxydants/pharmacologie , Peroxydation lipidique/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Mélatonine/pharmacologie , Ovaire/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Ovulation/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Antioxydants/administration et posologie , Catalase/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Catalase/métabolisme , Glutathione peroxidase/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Glutathione peroxidase/métabolisme , Mélatonine/administration et posologie , Taille d'organe/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Ovaire/anatomie et histologie , Ovaire/enzymologie , Répartition aléatoire , Rat Wistar , Superoxide dismutase/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Superoxide dismutase/métabolisme , Facteurs temps
5.
Inf. psiquiatr ; 7(1): 17-9, jan.-mar. 1988. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-53382

RÉSUMÉ

Quinhentos e oito casos de Doenças do Pânico foram estudados. A evitaçäo fóbica está correlacionada freqüentemente aos ataques de pânico. Em apenas 23% dos pacientes, o diagnóstico de depressäo maior, no passado ou presente, foi dado. Em 238 casos, Alprazolam, Clomipramina, Imipramina e Tranilcipromina foram efetivos em doses mais baixas do que as citadas na literatura. Como cada uma das medicaçöes tem alguns inconvenientes específicos, nenhuma foi considerada superior às outras


Sujet(s)
Humains , Alprazolam/usage thérapeutique , Clomipramine/usage thérapeutique , Imipramine/usage thérapeutique , Panique , Tranylcypromine/usage thérapeutique , Alprazolam/effets indésirables , Clomipramine/effets indésirables , Imipramine/effets indésirables , Tranylcypromine/effets indésirables
8.
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-13122

RÉSUMÉ

Trata-se de uma experiencia realizada no foco de esquistossomose do municipio de Primavera, onde os criadouros de B. straminea e B. glabrata representam importante papel na cadeia de transmissao. Empregouse o hidroxido de calcio como moluscicida alternativo, obtendo-se execelentes resultados, sem danos significativos a flora e fauna aquaticas, como os que costumam ocorrer com os moluscicidas empregados nas grandes areas endemicas


Sujet(s)
Hydroxyde de calcium , Biomphalaria
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