Résumé
Abstract Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial infections in children under 12 years old. Data sources: This is a systematic review in which five randomized clinical trials about the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin, involving a total of 429 children with nosocomial infections, were evaluated. They were searched in scientific databases: PubMed, Bvs, and SciELO. Summary of findings: The main nosocomial infections that affected children were bacteremia, skin, and soft tissue infections followed by nosocomial pneumonia. Most infections were caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which all studies showed infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains being isolated. Both linezolid and vancomycin showed high therapeutic efficacy against different types of nosocomial infections, ranging from 84.4% to 94% for linezolid and 76.9% to 90% for vancomycin. Patients receiving linezolid had lower rates of rash and red man syndrome compared to those receiving vancomycin. However, despite the adverse reactions, antimicrobials can be safely administered to children to treat nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion: Both linezolid and vancomycin showed good efficacy in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria in hospitalized children. However, linezolid stands out regarding its pharmacological safety. Importantly, to strengthen this conclusion, further clinical trials are needed to provide additional evidence.
Résumé
Úlceras venosas são conceituadas como a ruptura deestrutura anatômica do corpo com comprometimento do mecanismofisiológico do tecido envolvido, sendo o tipo de úlcera de maiorpredomínio e com grande recidiva. A Estimulação Elétrica de AltaVoltagem (EEAV) vem sendo utilizada como recurso de destaque notratamento de úlceras venosas. Objetivos: Analisar o efeito da EEAVna área, dor e edema provocadas por úlceras venosas. Material e métodos:Foram estudados 5 voluntários, entre 60 e 80 anos, de ambosos gêneros, com úlceras venosas crônicas em membros inferiores,que realizavam tratamento convencional, limpeza e curativo noHospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto. A EEAV foi aplicadatrês vezes por semana, por trinta minutos, durante oito semanas.Resultados: Observou-se redução na área das úlceras antes e após otratamento com a EEAV (p = 0,009), assim como redução da dorna área ulcerada (p = 0,01). Não houve diferença significativa noedema com o tratamento (p = 0,46). Conclusão: A EEAV foi eficazno tratamento de úlceras venosas crônicas de membros inferiores,havendo redução da área ulcerada e diminuição da dor, não tendosido eficaz para o tratamento do edema...
Venous ulcers are defined as the rupture of anatomicalstructure of the body which affects the physiological tissue--protecting mechanism, and this kind of ulcer is predominant andhas high risk of recurrence. The High Voltage Electrical Stimulation(HVES) has been used as a prominent feature in the treatment ofvenous ulcers. Objectives: To analyze the effect of the HVES inareas of venous ulcers, including pain and edema. Methods: Fivevolunteers, both genders, 60 to 80 years old, who had chroniclower limb ulceration and performed regular treatment, cleaningand healing in the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital werestudied. The HVES was applied three times a week, during thirtyminutes, through eight week. Results: We observed reduction betweenthe areas of the ulcers, before and after the HVES treatment(p = 0.009), followed by a reduction of pain in the affected area (p= 0.01). There was no significant difference in the treated edema(p = 0.46). Conclusion: The HVES proved to be effective to treatchronic venous ulcers in lower limbs, as we observed a reduction inulcer area and pain relief, but it was ineffective to control the edema...