É o sexo feminino um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar no infarto agudo do miocárdio? / Is female sex an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction?

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether female sex is a factor independently related to in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Of 600 consecutive patients (435 males and 165 females) with acute myocardial infarction, we studied 13 demographic and clinical variables obtained at the time of hospital admission through uni- and multivariate analysis, and analyzed their relation to in-hospital death. RESULTS: Females were older (p<0.001) and had a higher incidence of hypertension (p<0.001). Males were more frequently smokers (p<0.001). The remaining risk factors had a similar incidence among both sexes. All variables underwent uni- and multivariate analysis. Through univariate analysis, the following variables were found to be associated with in-hospital death: female sex (p<0.001), age >70 years (p<0.001), the presence of previous coronary artery disease (p=0.0004), previous myocardial infarction (p<0.001), infarction in the anterior wall (p=0.007), presence of left ventricular dysfunction (p<0.001), and the absence of thrombolytic therapy (p=0.04). Through the multivariate analysis of logistic regression, the following variables were associated with in-hospital mortality: female sex (p=0.001), age (p=0.008), the presence of previous myocardial infarction (p=0.02), and left ventricular dysfunction (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: After adjusting for all risk variables, female sex proved to be a variable independently related to in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction

Mortalidade hospitalar no infarto agudo do miocárdio: E possível prever utilizando dados de admissão? / Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Is it Possible to Predict Using Admission Data?

PURPOSE: To identify clinical variables on admission that are related to hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to generate a mathematic model to predict accurately this mortality. METHODS: Prospective study with 347 consecutive patients with AMI in which clinical variables related to mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. The mathematic model generated by multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied in each patient to determine his/her probability (P) of hospital death. Model's accuracy was validated by reliability and discrimination tests. RESULTS: Admission variables directly and independently related to hospital mortality: female gender, age, absence of history of hypertension, history of previous infarction, non-inferior AMI and Killip class. These six variables, when present cumulatively, showed increasing mortality rates. Mean P value for non-survivors was significantly greater than for survivors (43.2 +/- 31.4 vs 9.1 +/- 12.5, p < 0.00001). Reliability of the model to predict death, assessed by stratifying patients in three risk groups (low, medium and high) or continuously (by linear regression analysis) showed excellent predictive performance. Discrimination between survivors and non-survivors, assessed by C-index (concordance probability), disclosed 85 rate of success. CONCLUSION: Risk variables can be used in a mathematic model that is capable of predicting accurately in-hospital mortality of each patient with AMI. Mortality prediction can allow physicians to be more efficient in assessing risk-benefit ratios in these patients when faced with therapeutic decisions.

Objetivo - Identificar as variáveis clínicas de admissão que se relacionam com a mortalidade hospitalar no infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e criar um modelo matemático capaz de prever acuradamente o seu risco. Métodos - Estudo prospectivo com 347 pacientes consecutivos com IAM nos quais se identificaram variáveis clínicas, que se relacionaram com a mortalidade, pelas análises univariada e multivariada. O modelo matemático obtido pela análise multivariada de regressão logística foi aplicado em cada paciente, para determinar a sua probabilidade (P) de óbito hospitalar. A acurácia do modelo foi validada por testes de confiabilidade e de discriminação. Resultados - Variáveis de admissão relacionadas, independentemente, com a mortalidade hospitalar: sexo feminino, idade, ausência de história de hipertensão, história de infarto prévio, IAM não-inferior e classe Killip que, quando presentes cumulativamente, mostraram taxas de mortalidades crescentes. O valor médio de P dos pacientes que faleceram foi significativamente maior que dos sobreviventes (43,2±31,4% vs 9,1±12,5%, p<0,00001). A confiabilidade do modelo matemático na previsão de óbitos, avaliada estratificadamente em três subgrupos de risco (baixo, médio e alto) ou continuamente (por análise de regressão linear), mostrou excelente desempenho preditivo. O poder discriminatório entre óbitos e sobreviventes, avaliado pelo índice - C (concordância de probabilidades), mostrou taxa de acerto de 85%. Conclusão - Variáveis clínicas podem ser utilizadas num modelo matemático, que é capaz de prever, acuradamente, a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar de cada paciente com IAM. A previsão desta mortalidade poderá permitir, aos médicos, maior eficiência na avaliação da relação risco-benefício destes pacientes, quando confrontados com decisões terapêuticas

Aspectos clínicos e hemodinâmicos das lesöes coronárias näo-obstrutivas: estudo retrospectivo comparativo / Clinical and henodynamic aspects of non-obstructive javascript:void(0);coronary lesions: a comparative retrospective study

PURPOSE--To study the clinical and hemodynamic aspects of a group of patient presenting non-obstructive coronary lesions. METHODS--We reviewed 963 coronary angiographies performed at a same institution. The 52 patients presenting only stenosis < or = 50 per cent after semi-quantitative measurement composed group I, which was compared with two other groups consisted of 52 patients each: one, with patients presenting univascular lesion > 50 per cent (group II) and the other with normal coronary arteriographies (group III). RESULTS--Mean age was similar in groups I and II (49.4 +/- 6.89 and 51.3 +/- 7.86, p > 0.05) and significantly higher than that of group III (44.8 +/- 6.81, p < 0.05). Risk factors did not discriminate group I (GI) from groups II (GII) and III (GIII). During a follow-up period of 63 months, the number of hospital admissions due to cardiac events and repetitions of coronary arteriography were similar in GI and GII, being significantly less frequent in GIII (p < 0.00001 and 0.001; p < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). By the end of the follow-up period, though angina and heart failure functional classes had been similar in the three groups, patients in groups I and II were using more medications than those in group III (p < 0.0001 and 0.00001). Mean ejection fractions (per cent) were lower in GI and GII (67.04 +/- 10.13 and 68.90 +/- 11.32) than in GIII (74.69 +/- 6.40, p < 0.01). Lesions were predominantly proximal in GI when compared with GII (p < 0.05). Length, simmetry, ulceration, thrombus and proximal shoulder showed no difference between GI and GII. CONCLUSION--Patients with non-obstructive coronary lesions were similar to those with univascular lesion > 50 per cent regarding several aspects and were considerably different from those with normal coronary arteries