RÉSUMÉ
Hepatotoxicity is the serious adverse effect of tuberculosis treatment and it leads to the discontinuation of Anti-tubercular agent (ATT) causing increased drug resistance, morbidity and mortality. We report a 69 years old male patient with ATT induced hepatotoxicity.
RÉSUMÉ
A field experiment entitled “Effect of inorganic fertilizers in combination with biofertilizers on nutrient content and uptake of kharif maize” was conducted at Agriculture College Farm, Bapatla, during both kharif 2020 and 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1- Control; T2- 100% RDF; T3- 125% RDF; T4 – 100% RDF + VAM; T5- 100% RDF +VAM + Azospirillum + PSB; T6- 75 % RDF + VAM; T7- 75 % RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB. During kharif in two years of study significantly higher nitrogen content and uptake was recorded with 125 % RDF (T3) it was on par with 100% RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB (T5) and 100% RDF + VAM (T4). The maximum nitrogen content and uptake was significantly influenced due to various level of inorganic fertilizers. Higher phosphorus, potassium and sulphur (non-significant) content and uptake were recorded in the treatment T5 that received 100% RDF +VAM + Azospirillum + PSB and it was on par with treatment which received 75 % RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB (T7), 125 % RDF (T3) and 100% RDF + VAM (T4) at knee high, tasseling and harvest stage of maize. The results revealed that application of biofertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers significantly increased plant nutrient content and uptake of maize crop.
RÉSUMÉ
A field experiment entitled “Biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers application impact on available nutrients in soil of kharif maize” was conducted at Agriculture College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif of 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with seven treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of T1- Control; T2- 100% RDF; T3- 125% RDF; T4 – 100% RDF +Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM); T5- 100% RDF +VAM + Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB); T6- 75 % RDF + VAM; T7- 75 % RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB. We recorded the available macro nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) and micronutrients (zinc, iron, manganese and copper) of maize during the study. The results revealed that available nitrogen during kharif of 2020-21 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with 125 % RDF (T3) that was on par with T5 (100% RDF + VAM + Azospirillum + PSB) and T4 (100% RDF + VAM). Higher available phosphorus and potassium were recorded in the treatment T5 and it was on par with T7, T3 and T4 at knee high, tasseling and harvest stage of maize. However, micronutrient status was higher with application of 100% RDF +VAM + Azospirillum + PSB but non-significant at all the growth stages of maize during both the years of study. The biofertilizers have to be applied side-by-side with inorganic fertilizers to improve nutrient availability and increased the fertility status of soil and productivity.
RÉSUMÉ
Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation (LPX) and antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in various organs like brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney of the albino rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 min/day for a period of 30 days were assayed. It was observed that the lipid peroxide levels in liver, lung and kidney were enhanced in case of animals exposed to cigarette smoke, whereas brain and heart did not show any change as compared to control animals. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes was also elevated in liver, lung and kidney of the test animals whereas, brain and heart did not show any change in the activities of all of these antioxidant enzymes except glutathione-s-transferase which was increased in brain also. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was lowered in liver, lung and kidney of the tested animals when compared with the control animals but there was no significant change in brain and heart. The results of our study suggest that cigarette smoke induces lipid peroxidation in liver, lung and kidney, and the antioxidant enzymes levels were enhanced in order to protect these tissues against the deleterious effect of the oxygen derived free radicals. The depletion of reduced glutathione in these organs could be due to it's utilization by the tissues to mop off the free radicals.